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DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH *

WINSTON-SALEM. S

/TO ,I0?'.4.VT,167>S ,1A7) SURROUNDINGS, f

KERNERSVILLE, ETC. ?

COMPILED UNDER AUSPICES OF THE Z

I Chamber of Commerce, |

I /7?6>3/ .1 MATTER OF FACT STANDPOINT, f

0 BY 0

0 ID. JP. lE^CBBIiTS, ILviC. ID. (j^

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WINSTON, N. C:

SKNTINEL JOB PRINT

1888.

The sender of this pamphlet mils your attention to

pages.. 1.3...,

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

P Banking Interests, 23

(g) Churches, 16-17

|gj Chamber of Commerce, 97

T Drugs and Paints, 76-77

y Electric Light Company, 22

(§) Forsyth County, 11

^\^ Fries, F, & H., Manufactories, 24-5

jf Gun and Locli:smiths, 54, 81

It Groceries, Confectioneries, etc., 78-80

1^ Hardware, Stoves, etc., 75-76

fltjj Healthfuhiess and Salubrity, 5

jf Historical and Geographical, 4

w Hygiene in Brief, 65

(^ Hotels, History, etc., 45

rfjj) Iron Working Interests, 26

T Ice and Coal, 78

P Jewelry Stores, 77

(§) Kernersville , 84-93

^ Legal Fraternity, 49-51

M Livery Stables, 68, 95

^ Mercantile Interests, 70

^) Manufacturing Inducements, 2, 7, 82

M Moravian Church, 15

^ Miscellaneous Manufacturing, 30,55,80

¥ Medical Profession, 51-53, 80

^ Merchant Tailoring, 55

^ Millinery Stores, 78

Ik Northern Capital Coming South, 2, 3

w Newspapers, Job Printing, Etc., 20, 21

$ ' Photograph Artists, 54

A Public Schools, 14-15

I Post-offices, 21

¥ Public Buildings and Officials, 46-49

$ Piailroads, 44,66-68

^ Real Estate and Broker, 54

dk Salem Female Academy, 13

P Salem Merchandise etc., 69-70

^j) Settlement of Salem, 9

rfj) Stokes County, 12

Z Societies, 18-19

¥ The Twin-City, 10

(P Tobacco Literests, 31-44

^ Valuable Statistics, ...57-64

rih Wagons, Carriages, etc., 29

¥ Winston Merchants, 71-75

9 "Wood Working Interests, 27

Compiled under auspices of the

ChLamber of CommLerce.

The Leading Manufacturing- and Mercantile Enterprises, Public

Men, Schools, Churches, Railroads, Advantages and

Surroundings Properly Portrayed.

In the following pages ^ve shall not go into lengthy details of pri-
vate enterprises or fulsome praise of individuals, but it is the purpose of
the compiler and interested citizens of this place, to present in a con-
venient shape for preservation, and in as brief a manner as is consist-
ent with an intelligible description of the facts, (yet withal so inex-
pensive and easily mailed as to be sent far and wide by the promoters
of this section), a sketch of our advantages and surroundings, which
shall show forth to the world the undoubted superiorities of our city
and that our progressive men are ready to welcome any legitimate indus-
try. A summary of these advantages will demonstrate to the
reader that Winston and Salem are equalled bv few cities in the South.
Read the following pages and refer them to the manufacturer and capital-
ist, as well as to those who seek after health and comfort, beautiful sur-
roundings, educational and social advantages.

It is not proposed to write much of our city's past history, however
full it is of tender memories, of pleasing reminiscences, of high achieve-
ments, and of solid enterprises ; however replete with the private hero-
ism and the public heritage of noble men and saintly women, who have
done their allotted parts and passed away to live only in their works that
have not perished. The story of this glory is foreign to the purposes of
this publication. Let the dead past burv its dead. Honoring it highly;
cherishing it tenderly; accepting gratefully the lessons it teaches of
moral and economical import — of ethics, education and business — let the
record be laid aside. Let the present be grasped and so wisely wielded
and worked that we may go forth to meet the shadowy future without
fear and with a manly hope.

The purpose of this pamphlet is to exhibit in a condensed form, in
logical order of arrangement, and with strict regard to the truth, the
resources and advantages of this city and country as a place of residence
and a business mart. The object is to show accurately its railroad
resources, religious, educational, industrial ; its banking and mercantile
facilities ; its hygienic advantages and general attractions, extenu-
ating naught and setting down nothing in exaggeration of the facts of the
case. No boom — fit word of recent usage to express exaggeration, false
statements and fallacious reasoning, to come back like an Australian
missile weapon, with inevitable reactionary force, is here designed; but
on the contrary, with confidence even in such wounds as the truth gives
to say nothing of the power that it ever carries, it is intended to give a
plain, unvarnished exposition of our real condition and reasonable expec-
tations. Fortunately for us, we have a cause that can stand upon its real
merit — a case that is good in court — requiring no artful declarations, no
labored plea, and no technical support.

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

MANUFACTURING INDUCEMENTS.

While the mercantile interests of
a community are an essential fea-
ture and the professional talent a
necessary part of a city, it is gener-
ally admitted that thriving manu-
facturing industries are the great
(lesideratv/m, and give more perma-
nency and rapidity of growth to
any place than all other interests
combined. The merchant brings to
us the commodities of commerce
and is usually generous in dividing
his profits to charities and enter-
prises of public good, but the leg-
itimate manufacturer opens a
permanent investment for capital
at remunerative rates, gives employ-
ment to the laborers of a commu-
nity, and enhances the values of all
firm products in his immediate
section. The Twin City, with her
coming railroads and healthy loca-
tion, offers superior inducements to
those who may desire to make
investments within her borders.
Lands are cheap, laborers plenty,
educational advantages of high
grade, her citizens noted for their
culture, hospitality and generous
welcome toward good citizens from
other states or countries.

The growth of the South in a few
years past has been wonderful, and
this place is awakening to her im-
portance as a central city. A North-
ern journal says : "The summary
of industrial statistics, which has
been made by a Southern trade jour-
nal, discloses a progress along the
lines of diversified developement,
which will be a surprise even to
those who have fancied that they
appreciated the changes which are
in progress in that section. Twenty-
two factories for making agricultur-
al implements ; 23 car works ; 147
cotton and woolen mills ; 184 foun-
dries and machine shops ; 73 blast

furnaces; 504 mines and quarries
and 23 rolling mills. These are a
few items in a long list of indus-
tries begun or established during a
single year in thirteen States." Such
an industrial development as this,
so rapid and so varied, shows the
necessity of recognizing the new
impulses and conditions which pre-
vail in the South, and is changing
the character, traditions and aspir-
ations of the people of this section.

NORTHERN CAPITAL COMING SOUTH.

The statement given forth by
Northern journals that one hundred
and sixty millions of Northern capi-
tal Iras found investment in the
South within the past year raises
the question as to what particular
industries have absorbed so large a
sum in this section of the country. #
Undoubtedly a large amount has \
l)een employed in the construction
and improvement of railways and
the development of mining, mill-
ing and manufacturing interests,
but it has been shown that consid-
erable capital has also been used in
a comparatively new direction. The
cutting down of forests in the South
by saw mill owners has opened up
large tracts of land which are grad-
ually being turned into farms.
Much of this land, when fertilized,
is capable of yielding as good crops
of cotton, corn, fruits and vegetables
as Western or Gulf State lands.
The opportunity thus offered to
secure homes in the South, where
the climate permits out door work
the year round, and where the rig-
ors of a severe winter are escaped,
has been seized upon by many
small capitalists in the North and
West. A number of well-to-do
tamers from Northern Ohio, tried
the experiment in Southern Geor-
gia last year, and their experience

in Exchaji^^j
Duke UniversitjfT
JUL 1 2 1933

OF WINSTON-SALEM, N. C.

is said to luive been very satisfac-
tory.

It is becoming plain that the
South must look to the farmers and
mechanics of the North and West
for the increase of its white indus-
trial population. Immigrants from
Kuro})e cannot compete with the
negro in unskilled labor and, there-
fore, will not go South for the pres-
t^nt, failing to realize the vast ad-
vantages; which this regit)n offers
agriculturally. Thus, to the North-
ern or Western man who has the
means for investment, this new
l)ranch of small farming in the
South ofiers inducements unequal-
ed perhaps l)y those of any other
country. Certainly the great West-
ern States and Territories, gi'cat as
their advantages undoubtedly are,
utter no liner chances to men -of
small capital and enterprising pur-
jxise than the 'New South' presents.
It is an encouraging fact that a con-
siderable jmri of the capital which
is now pouring into the South ha.*^
found employment in the way we
have indicated, contributing thus
to the diversifications of Southern
industries, and to the wi-ll"are of
the country at huge."

THE SOUTH I.NSTK.M) OF Til 10 WKST.

The stereoty})ed idea that the tide
of immigration follows natural
lines from East to West, has receiv-
ed a rude shock from the interest
evinced by people in all parts of the
world t(» know more of the vast
mineral and agricultural re.'^ources
of the Southern States, and it is
now certain that a tide of immi-
gration has commenced, which, al-
tliough small at first, is steadily,
healthily and rapidly increasing. It
is now everywhere recognized that
there are in the South, more
and better opportunities for people
of moderate means than in any

other section of the United States,
and it is not at all surprising that
there is such an eager incpiiry from
all directions. Since 1S80 the ])ro-
gress of Southern agricultural pur-
suits has been very great. This is
explained by the fact of improved
cultivation of the soil, diversifica-
tion of crops, l)etter lal)or, better
vit'lds. In I'^SO the crops of the
South were .S(;i2,27S,olS ; in 1887
they had risen to S745,OoO,(iO(); an
increase of 22 per cent. Cotton is
still the largest item, constituting
one-third of the whole yield.

Fruit and garden ci-ops have in-
creased 813,tXK),0(^J, and the value
of stock 8247,o2<xo48, or 69 i)er cent.

Tiie South's saw-mill and forest
products establishments havt; in-
creased in numbers 2,768: in hands
(■mi)loved, 27,oH7, and in value
822,5,^2,187.

Including the larm, stock-raising,
manufactures, minerals and fisher-
ies, we find a grand aggregate in-
crease of products within six years
of S;>o2,2] 1,787 : •'><) per cent, against
an increase of i>n|iul;ition of 17 i»er
cent.

During this |)eriod the South has
advanced in w.alth S9o3, 104.097. or
42 per I'ent. In 1880 the assessed
value n{' property ])er capita was
•SlWMiO: in 1887,S19o.8o ; increase
sn2.7o.

Alabama lias increased threefold
in its manufactories since 1880;
(leorgia has nearly doubled. Ken-
tucky ailded oO millions to her
manufactjiring capital; Tennes.'^ee
2.S millions : North and South Caro-
lina al)outl7 niillit)ns each. There
were o4,56o factories in the South in
1880 and l.S,S7 showed 54,176 with
an increa.^ed capital of 8192,459,000
and 172,;)2'S more hands employed
in the latter than in the former
year.

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

The building of railroads has been
a great factor in Southern prosper-
ity , ten years ago communication
with the outside world was difficult
and expensive ; now the}^ have ex-
tended their iron arms in all direc-
tions, giving access to a ready mar-
ket of the products of millions of
acres of land which had heretofore
been worthless, and converting into
countless wealth those vast forest
of timber which have been undis-
turbed for so many centuries.

NORTH ct SOUTH CAROLINA.

HISTORICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL.

The Carolinas were explorea by
the French in 1563 and named in
honor of Charles IX, (Carolus)
King of France. Sir Walter Ral-
eigh received a patent in 1584, and
made the first English settlement
in the United States, the colony
soon afterward abandoning the
State. A second futile attempt was
made in 1587, and a few years later
Raleigh was beheaded by order of
James I, on a charge of treason.
About 1640, and afterwards, the
county of Albemarle, N. C, was
settled by refugees from religious
persecution, who had left New
England and Virginia. In 1663
Charles II, King of England, made
various grants and the old French
name Avas continued in honor of
the second Charles. But for further
details we must refer the reader to
history and pass on to present
issues.

The Carolinas, claiming their
original sovereignty, entered at the
head of the Southern States in the
recent armed protest against the
predominance and sectional legisla-
tion of the Northeast. The fortunes
of war decided against them, and
thev have accepted the result in

good faith. No States in the Union
are more faithful or truer to their
pledges. The system of slavery
(originally forced upon them and
repugnant to the moral and relig-
ious sentiment of the world,) has
been abolished and these States are
now on the highway to manufact-
uring and industrial success.

The Carolinas lie principally be-
tween 32° and 36|° north latitude.
The coast lands are interspersed
with numerous bays, sounds and
inlets, and are too flat to be attrac-
tive or healthy.

The low countr}^ of the eastern
portion of these States are covered
with a small growth of pine, and
the middle country is comprised
principally of the low sand hills
which have a clay subsoil and give
good rewards to the husbandman.
West of this is a belt called the
ridge, where the land rises abruptly
and continues to ascend, exhibiting
beautiful alternations of hill and
dale, till it terminates at the ex-
treme northwest in the Blue Ridge,
the highest peak of which is Mt.
Mitchell in North Carolina that has
a greater elevation than any other
point east of the Rockies.

MINERALS, PRODUCTS, ETCETERA.

The granite and limestone forma-
tions are numerous and beautiful.
Copper, iron, lead and bismuth are
found in the various sections and
the richest deposit of bone phos-
phate on the continent comes to the
surface in Charleston county, S. C,

South Carolina has its sulphur
and magnesia waters at Glenn
Spring, in Spartanburg County, and
its picturesque cascades at the Falls
of Saluda, in the mountain coun-
try, where the waters have a de-
scent of from 300 to 400 feet, and
North Carolina has within her bor-
ders the most famous mountains of

OF WINSTON-SALEM, N. C.

the Blue Ridge and a great diversity
of scener}^ and climate.

The products of the State are di-
versified, the low land being adapt-
ed to rice, corn, cotton; the oak and
pine lands of the interior to cotton,
corn, potatoes, tobacco, etc., and the
pine uplands to fruits and vegeta-
bles. Bordering on the mountain
range of the Blue Ridge, Avheat, bar-
ley, corn and oats flourish, while
apples, peaches, pears, plums,grapes,
and small fruits in general grow
luxuriantly. The fig tree thrives
up to an elevation of about 1,000
feet. The principal soil of the State,
excepting on the coast, is a red clay
with slight admixture of sandy
loam.

HEALTHFULNESS AND SALXTBRITY.

Statistics show three-fourths of
the days as clear and pleasant while
the climate in general is very equa-
ble and excelled in this respect by
few States in the Union. The cen-
tral and high lands of the State are
timbered with walnut, pine, elm,
oak and hickory. The average
daily range of temperature on the
coast is a fraction less than at Santa
Barbara, Cal., the heat of summer
seldom exceeding 95°, and but few
weeks inwinter remaining at the
freezing point. In point of health-
fulness, picturesque scenery, and
prospects for future developments
the Piedmont 1'egion of this State is
very desirable. Salem is located
in one of the healthiest sections of
the United States and is fast gain-
ing a reputation as a favorable re-
sort for invalids.

This section of the State is emi-
nently salubrious, presenting as it
does a favorable exhibit of all the
features essential to health, such as
elevation, drainage, dryness of air
and exemption from epidemic and
malarial visitations. Situated so

high on sandy and porous soil,
which drinks in the rain and pre-
vents humidity of atmosphere and
the noxious influences consequent
upon the decomposition of vegeta-
ble and animal matter and remov-
ed far from the miasmic generation
of stagnant marshes and ponds,
this place is comparatively free from,
zymotic diseases, and absolutely so
from those of a malignant or epi-
demic character. Innumerable wit-
nesses testif}' to the advantages to
be derived from a residence here in
the treatment of that class of dis-
eases which depend for their cure
upon climatic influences, such as
pulmonary affections, (including
consumption, bronchitis, and asth-
ma), or upon a change of climate,
as dyspepsia, liver and kidney dis-
eases, and rheumatism. The city
is among the healthiest of its size
in the United States.

SOCIAL STATUS, DESCRIPTION, ETC.

The geographical situation of this
place makes it one of the most
pleasant localities in the State ; the
topographic conformation, equable
and salubrious climate, clean, high
and shaded streets, the ample, high-
ly cultivated, and tastefully arrang-
ed grounds that surround its dwell-
ings, conspire to attract to and
make this one of the most desirable
and inviting places of residence in
the State; and the number who are
allured here from year to year, to
escape the rigors of a Northern
winter are steadily increasing. In
order to create a city, in the true
meaning of the word, it is necessary
that its inhabitants should regard
it with pride and affection, and also
as something of which they are a
personal part. The nationalit}' or
/ nativity of no man is questioned
here. Whether he comes from the
North or the South, or the East or

6

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

the West, he will be gladly received,
if he only possesses and practices
the virtues thfit are essential to good
citizenship.

The Twin City with its coming
railroads completed, will have grand
distri))iiting advantages, and should
make a great wholesale centre. It
will then be an active railroad cen-
tre, and no idle dream that she is, in-
deed, a progressive city. In nearly
every article of this sketch, although
may have a personal heading, will
be "found some interesting fact or
conclusion to Ije drawn. We invite
you to read the entire work, as some
point of information obtained may
1>e valual)le to you at present or for
future use. This city will bear the
closest scrutiny, and in the name of
its progressive citizens, we invite all
to come and spend a week,in vestigate
the merits of this favored section,
and we are certain that before the
l)lizzards of another winter arrive,
you will have concluded to take up
a permanent abode here.

Situated in the uplands of the
State, with several railroads com-
peting for its freights to the tobacco
markets, manufacturing centres of
the North, and ports of exports to
all parts of the world, this place
will have advantages unequalled V)y
any interior city of the South for
the handling of all staple products.
These new railrcjads concentrating
here will secure a low rate of
freight to Norfolk. Baltimore, New
York, Boston and Philadelphia.
This competition secui'es that<iuick
transit so essential in mercantile
trade. In addition to this, our to-
Ijacco is very desirable from its fine
color and flavor, unsurpassed for its
chewing and smoking qualities and
of excellent staple. These substan-
tial reasons can scarcely fail to open
up to the central and U})per portions

of our State a market which, for many
reasons, it is largely for the interest
of producers to patronize.

Thirty tobacco manufact'Ories are
already in operation here and
the field is especially inviting to
the production of cotton goods.
A dozen mills of that descrip-
tion, with their contingent indus-
tries, would not be out of place.
Extensive wood manufacturing,
and many other fields of industry,
might be profitably engaged in as
the weather is equable the entire
year, and but little expense required
to keep away the chilling blizzards
of the Northwest, which lose their
power for harm while climbing the
Blue Ridge Mountains.

Our article on agriculture and
thoroughbred stock will convey a
slight idea of what advantages the
surrounding country is possessed.
The importance of those pursuits
will be manifest, as thriving agri-
cultual aud stock-raising districts
give back-bone to commercial and
manufacturing centres. Any man
who has the stamina to gcj west with
limited means, and trusts to his
energy and the smiles of Provi-
dence, and who succeeds there,
could take the same energy and
trust and have greater certainty of
success in the South. He has no
grasshoppers, nor end«ring ice, nor
snow, nor blasting brought, nor
violent winds. His wants are few-
er and his hardships less.

MANUFACTURING AND INDUSTRIAL.

It is eminently proper in a de-
scriptive review of this character
that the men or corporations Avho
have really (lofw sonuthim/, who
have ventured their time and means
to the establisliment of industrial
works, and liberally dispensed their
money in our midst for the con-
struction of buildings, salary to em-

OF WINSTON-SALEM, N. C.

})loyees, and purchase of material,
should have a deserving mention
in these pages. Such instutions
risk large sums of mone}' in build-
ings and machinery, surrounded l)y
inflammable materials, and it is but
due that they should receive good
percentages as a reward for their
great risks, heavy outlay of capital
and business tact required in their
operation. As these industries use
up the raw materials of the country
at remunerative prices and dispense
large amounts in weekly wages,
which revert to the tills of our mer-
chants and mechanics, the munici-
pality can well afford to give them
liberal inducements in the way of
exemption from taxation or other
subsidies. We reiterate what we
have said before, that on thriving
manufacturing industries the
growth and continued prosperity of
our city largely depends, and those
who are working for its upbuilding
should receive due credit.

It is despicable for any citizen ^to
speak against his own city, and to
say regarding any enterprise to
further its advancement, " Oh, it's
no use ; you never can make any-
thing out of this place." We are
glad to note that there are very few
here of this class, and those vi^o
feel so should move out and give
place to others who are able to "see
the day star of future greatness
arising."

OUR ADVANTAGES.

In the pages of this pamphlet we
shall give conclusive evidence as to
the many advantages of Winston
as a manufacturing, agricultural and
commercial center and among some
of the point.s of evidence which we
shall present are the facts that we
have a well-equipped railroad with
two others projected, which we have
good reason to believe will be com-

pleted within the next season, and
which will greatl}- add to our ad-
vantages and facilities of transpor-
tation. Our city is in the midst of
the tobacco, grain and iron produc-
ing district. Wheat, vegetables,
poulty, fruits, etc., can be had at rea-
sonable rates to feed the employees
of the manufacturer, and for which
the agriculturalist receives remuner-
ative returns.

The supply of fuel is ample and
cheap and there are but few days in
the year that will not permit of free
ventilation without inconvenience.
The great manufactories of the
North where for half of the year
the operatives must be kept in
rooms almost air tight and supe'r-
heated to keep out the intense cold,
thus depriving the system of the
necessary oxygenation, cannot be
otherwise than destructive to health,
and it is little wonder that thous-
ands die annually of lung troubles,
nervous diseases or other similar
prostrations, when we consider the
immense strain upon the system
while living in rooms in which the
})rincipal part of the oxygen is used,
to keep up the combustion of fuel,
and the great contrast in going from
these rooms to the outside atmos-
phere. These facts and many oth-
ers of like import are fast sending
the manufacturing capital of the
North to the more salunurious and
equable climate of the Southern
States. Every manufacturer and
laborer will readily see the advan-
tages to accrue from a mild and sa-
lubrious climate.

We have one cotton mill in oper-
ation and others in contemplation
which will probably be bwilt during
the coming year; three furniture fac-
tories, four large foundries and ma-
chine shops; two merchant tailoring
clothing manufacturing establish-

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

ments; one of the largest woolen
factories in the Sonth ; saddle ^and
harness factories'- three planing and
wood working mills, besides numer-
ous smaller industries,^all of which
are crowded with orders, and several
projected enterprises which we have
no doubt will soon become realities.
There are two national banks here
with a capital and surplus of nearly
1400,000. But our greatest indus-
trial work is in the manufacture of
tobacco, the fame^ which Winston
has gained as a wholesale leaf mart
and the high reputation of its to-
baccos, extend far and wide.

Twin City has the best grad ed
schools in the state, and fine private
schools ; 12 churches, a seminary of
note, an opera house, electric light,
water works, gas, street cars, project-
ed, macadamized streets, and paved
sidewalks. The mortuary statistics
show a health record unsurpassed by
any city of its size in the country.
The elevation of the place is about
1,000 feet above the sea. Consump-
tion seldom, if ever, originates in
this section.

We do not expect this pamphlet
to be a complete index, as from our
inability to find the proprietors or
other responsible persons, from
whom to secure facts and dates, we
shall sometimes unwillingly omit
an important business. We do
not claim perfection nor expect a
book containing so much matter as
the present issue, to appear free
from errors, but we will endeavor to
makea creditable sketch, one which
we think will be generally accepted
with satisfaction by our citizens and
mailed to friends and customers
throughout the country, or preserv-
ed for future reference. From a
proper estimate we find that more
than 500,000 separate and distinct
pieces of metal will be required in

the edition, and shovild our readers
find a letter upside down, or other
typographical or historical errors,
we trust that they will kindly make
their criticisms light.

The business men who subscribe
for a number of extra copies should
not lay them under the counter, as
is sometimes done, and forget to
give them proper distribution. This
book contains many valuable facts
and dates, and some person will
while away several hours with pleas-
ure and profit in perusing the same.
It is due to your own interest and
those of your neighbors who are in-
terested with you, as well as to the
upbuilding of your city, that you
distribute all numbers placed in
your hands during the next month
or so. Mail them to your friends
or turn turn them over to the Cham-
ber of Commeice for distribution.

The greatest known depth of the
ocean is 5^ miles (25,720 ft. or 4,620
fathoms) not quite the height of the
highest known mountain, Mt. Ever-
est. The average depth between 60°
north and 60° south is nearlyS miles.
♦♦•

St. Peter's Church, will accommo-
date 54,000; Duoma, Milan, 37,-
000; St. Paul's in Rome, 25,000;
St. Sophia, Constantinople, 23,000;
Notre Dame de Paris, 21,000 ; the
Dome of 'Florence, 20,000; the
Cathedral of Pisa, 13,000; St. Marc,
in Venice, 7,000.

"The permanent constitution of
the Confederate States of America"
was adopted at Montgomery, Ala.,
March 11, 1861, was ratified by Ala-
bama, March 13; Georgia, March 16;
Louisiana, March 21; Texas, March
25; Mississippi, March 30; South
Carolina, April 5, 1861. These so
called ratifications were submitted
to the people.

OF WI.NSTO.N-SALKM. N. C.

9

SETTLEMENT OF SALE.M.

MORAVIAN' HISTORY.

While it i.s not oui- i)uri)()si' to <j,<)
into a detail of past historv, it is on-
ly proper that we should make a
brief" reference to the p;^ople who set-
tled this town and county more than
a century ago. Bohemia and Mora-
via were first to protest against
what they believed to be the unright-
eous claims of the Romish Church
and the Reformation became promi-
nent under John Huss, who suffered
martyrdom in 1415. From his mem-
ory arose that religious body offici-
ally named the Unitas Frntuni or
Brethren's Unity, and more general-
ly known as the Moravians. To be
freed from the spirit of oppression
many of the l)rethren fled to Saxony.

In 1557 a parish was established in
Poland, but an anti-reformation was
fostered by Ferdinand II in l(j20-27
which crushed out this church leaving
■only a handful of the Brotherhood
from whom the line of descent was
•continued. The foundation for the
town of Herrnhut was laid in .lune.
1722, on lands donated to the Broth-
erhood by Count Zinzendorf, of Sax-
ony, and this soon became their gen-
eral rallying place. A large nnml)ei-
of Moravians subseipiently emigrated
to Pennsylvania and from there, in
1752, Bisho]) Spangenl)erg, accom-
panied by five l)rethren,set out to se-
lect a location in North Carolina.
Together with Mr. Churton, the sur-
veyor and agent for Lord (iianville,
they traversed the wild forests of this
section and aftei-numerous hardships
and privations selected the "Wach-
ovia tract" which, with subsecpitMit
surveys, was made to contain i)S,-
985 acres and covei's what is now
about two-fifths of Forsyth county.
This was deeded to the society Au-
gust 7th, 1758, and the first settle-
ment was made at Bi^thabara. (now
Old Town), a few months later. Sa-
lem was selected as the central town
for the Moravian Brethren in 17(55

and the first house was ()ccui)ied the
next year.

In is57a separation of civil and
religious government took place,
since which time Salem has held reg-
ular municipal elections.

The pre.sent generation nught de-
rive an instructive moi-al lesson by
contrasting the privileges and dis-
comforts wiiich beset thetii'st settlers,
with the happy circumstances by
.which they are surrounded; such a
contrast should inspire the latter
with feelings of gratitude for the
blessings which they now enjoy.

In reviewing the hardships and
pi-ivations that these early pioneers
nuist have endured to withstand the
saA^age beasts and savage men, and
lay the foundations of civilization
with all its incumbent blessings, a
fe>^ling of reverence comes over us and
we can only recall the memory of
those hardy A'eterans and gaze upon
the Avork they have accomplished
with the most profound respect. \\'e
find much embi-aced in their personal
history that would interest the gen-
eral reader if s]>ace would permit, l)Ut
the bounds of this article and the
important pressing pre.sent, forbids
our enlarging on those early scenes.

The industrious habits oi tlie early
settlers laid a good foundation for
manufacturing and it is not surpris-
ing that with the advent of the rail-
r o a d , i n d u s t r i a I esta blishments
sprung up on all sides and thegrowth
of Sfdem"s young otispring — Winston
— has been marvelous.

The \\'achovia Society believed in
making the children learn useful
trades and it is worthy of note that
the first substantial hou.se built in
Salem, — 17()() — is still in use as a pot-
tery and has some of the (plaint old
moulds dating back to 1771-. The
Salem water works built in 177X
were in use up to ten years ago when
the demand foi* a larger supply
brciught the present system. It is
said that the water works were much
adnured bv President Washino-ton

10

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

on his visit to this place in 1791.
There are very many interesting- rem-
iniscences of the past, some of the
most prominent of which will be in-
corporated in subsequ^mt articles,
but as indicated on our introductory
page, the present is our special theme
and we pass to a consideration of

WINSTON-SALEM.

In 1848 Forsyth county was form-
ed and a year later fifty-one acres of
the Wachovia tract adjoining Salem
was sold, for the new court-house and
village site, at |5.00 per acre. This
was platted and named Winston, in
honor of Col. Joseph Winston, who
represented this section of North
Carolina in the Patriots' meeting of
colonial days.

Winston is superbly located for a
manufacturing center as the entire
county is well watered, contains
broad fields of meadow and bottom
lands, and many streams of good
water power.

Fifteen years ago the surburb of
Winston (adjoining Salem, but with
business center a third of a mile from
its boundary), had less than 500 in-
habitants. About that time she be-
gan a rapid growth and to-day her
])opulation is over 8,000. Every
block is filled to the mother town, so
that only a street divides the two,
and as both live together in unity,
they should be considered as one.
The Twin-City has been accepted as
the proper cognomen, although each
place still retains its postoftice and
separate municipal government. The
old town now has a population
of about 3,000 inhabitants, and the
combined population of the two
(dties is estimated at 11,000.

THE TWIN-CITY.

Excepting in locating a specific bus-
iness or street in all our writings,"
when we say this city or this place,
we mean both Winston and Salem,
as they are practically one, and in-
separable in all their movements of
progression, social position, &c.

There are immediate prospects of
two new railroads, the exact develop-
ments of which we shall give before
closing these pages. These, with con-
tinued progress in manufactories,
etc., give to this place an exceedingly
bright outlook, and it is no stretch
of imagination to suppose that we
shall have a population of 25,000
within less than ten 3'ears from the
})resent date. Taxes are low, real
estate has not reached a speculative
boom and the large amount already
invested in factories and machinery
will ever be a prevention from a re-
trograde movement. With the best
graded schools in the state, and the
oldest and best Female Seminary in
the South, together with several pri-
vate schools and excellent religious
advantages, the high social and mor-
al standing of the Twin-City will al-
ways be a laurel in its crown of pro-
gress. The business men liere are
wide awake and pushing. While
ready to welcome Noi-thern capital
and immigration, they are not Mi-
cawber-like, waiting for something
to turn up, but are progressive. But
few cities of this size can boast of as
many men who are rated in the hun-
dreds of thousands, and the number
of brick residences or costly' frame
mansions clearly demonstrates that
we have a large per centage of well-
to-do citizens in this handsome and
healthful city.

Winston had about 400 inhab-
itants in 1872, but the N. W. N. C. R.
R., now a part of the Richmond &
Danville system, reached here that
year, and the first tobacco warehouse
was opened by Maj. T. J. Brown.
This caused a new era in the develop-
ments of this section. Although to-
bacco had been grown for a dozen
years with good success there was no
immediate outlet for the product and
but little nmnufocturing was done.

MANUFACTURING DEVELOPMENTS.

In 1875, Winston had about 1,500
inhabitants and property valued at

( ) F W I .\ST()N-SA LEM , N . ( '.

11

|;i()0,()()(), with five tobai^co lactoiies
liavin<>' an aji'g'ivo-ato capital of less
than |1()(),()(H). In ISSO there were
nlpven factoi icH with an invested cap-
ital of. f 417,. lOO, and jiivin«>- an an-
nual product of .i?7r)(),()0(). The pres-
ent status sliows ov(n-thirtvfa(toiii's
and invested capital of .f2,()()(), ()()<).
'i^hc animal product is above .ft, 000,-
000. This is a ji'reat tobacco niai'ki^t
and several hundreds ofwajionsconie
weekly, sometimes daily, from the
mountains and surroundin<i- districts,
niakin^j,' the annual transactions in
leaf tobacco foot up to about .fl,-
.".00,000. Other manufactories here
ilo an annual business of about .fl,-
.")()(), 000 and* tlie wholesale and re-
tail transactions of the g'eneral
merchants fi)ot up to nearly .f2,-
000,000 annuidly. In snbseipient
])a,ti"es we shall <j,() somewliat into de-
tail in order to verity these fig'ures
and <i'ive the names of those who are
prominent in manufacturinji- and
mercantile pursuits.

FOHSVTH COUNTY.

Tliis county was foi-merly included
in KoAvan, and was formed fi-om
Stokes county in 1S4S. It was nam-
ed for Col. Benj. Forsyth, a soldier of
the war of 1812 to ' 181."), who was
killed in a Canadian skirmish. It is
situated in the north-western |)art
of the state, Avith tlie Yadkin i-iver as
its western boundry. It is eminently
fitted for tobacco raisinji-. The yield
on new lands i'an*ivs .".OO to ().~)0 lt)s,
and on old huuls, with fertilizer, a
much larg-er crop is often realized.
The annual vield for Forsyth county
is now over '4,000,000 p()unds. The
soil, climate and situation of this
county, are peculiarly aday)tedto. the
<;TOwth of the vine, which yields in
the most luxurant manner, wherever
the least attention is paid to it. As
early as 1701 tliis record appears in
the archives of tlie church in Salem:
••(Ireat abundance of wild g-rai)e's,
nineteen hog'sheads of wine were made
in the three settlements." The Con-
cord, Clinton and kindred varieties

are the most populai', because they
<;row with the least attention. Others
can be <i-i-own with ease. Sorjihum
fi-rows finely, and is manufactureil in-
to syrups of a bright color, and
pleasant taste. Broom corn of long
stai)le and excellent quality, is raised
on many of the bottom lands.

This <-ounty is hilly and undulat-
ing, well watered and adapted to the
production of the most nutiitious
gi-asses. The orchard grass, blue
grass, mountain grass and clover
make excellent i)asture and timothy
mak(»s good crops of hay, millet iloes
well, milo— maize and other forage
and food can l)e produced to perfec-
tion so that sheep and cattle can be
raised easily, wintered cheaply and
thei-e is no reason why the production
of thoroughbred stock and dairy cat-
tle is not ennnently practicable. With
abundance of milk cows, on these fine
grasses, could be produced first-class
butter, and cheese manufacturing is
not only feasible l)nt the field is es-
]iecially inviting to those skilled in
its ])r()duction. Even the poorei-
grade of lands in this .section grows
gra])es to perfection and is adapted
to peaches, apples, ppars, ]>lums,
chei-ries, go(jseben-ies, currants and
small berries.

-More than a hundred difterent var-
ieties of trees are found in this and
surrounding counties. Mi<'a, iron,
manganese, asltestus, and traces of
gold are hei-e: marble, grariite. soa])-
stone and sandstone are alumdant,
and the entire county is fairly settled
up with an industrious, and peace
loving coniunmity. However
there, is room for a population three
or four times as great. Lands are
clieap and good citizens from any
section of the country will be wel-
conie(l. An admirable feature of the
agricultural lauds of this section, is
the susceptii)ility of the day .subsoil
for retention of fertilizers to a degree
unsurpassed by any kind of soil.
Tracts that are much worn are thus
easily i-evived ar.d made to produce

12

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

{ijood ciopf^. Tlip county has over 50
grist nnd saw mills, twelve wagon
shops, eiglit tanneries, four potteries
and a number of tobacco and other
minor factories outside of the Twin-
City. There are ten villages, among-
the largest of which is Kei'uei'sville,
eight miles east of tliis place on the
TS.'W. N. C. R. R., and which town
has al)OUt l.OOO inhabitants.

STOKES rOrXTV. ETC.

Our mother countv — Stokes — was
ibnned from Sun y inl7s7,and nam-
ed after a revolutionary colonel. It
lies north of Forsyth and has an area
of 440 square miles. It is generally
quite level but becomes l>roken
around the Sauratown mountains,
l^'hieh cross the county diagonally
and form a picturesque scene, in plain
view from AVinston. Mocjre's Knob
is 2,58':5 feet in height and was used
by the signal corps of the Enited
States Coast Survey in 1875-7. Dan
Eiver, the longest in the State, flows
centrally through Stokes and with
its net work of tributary streams
gives excellent water privileges. It
produces a fine grade of tol>aeco and
about tldrty factoi'ies ai-e in the
county.

Stokes county is adapted to all
kinds of products raised in this coun-
ty, and in some respects has eA'en bet-
ter agTicultural advantages. It has
seTeral valuable iron mines some of
T^luch have been worketl in a limited
way for seventy years. Recently the
Pepper Iron Mines have lieen pur-
chased l»y Oliio ca])italists at :flO(),-
OOO and smelting furnaces will doubt-
less be established in the vicinity of
Danbury. Tlie c>res found here are
the Fed and lirown lupmatite and the
tnagnetite. They are admirably
u'lapted for making a fine grade of
iron and steel. Developments in
mining and manufacturing are mucli
needed in tliis section. There are
outcrops of semi-bitnnunous coal in
the county and feldspathii- clay for
fire bricks is found near Danbury, and
soa]istone. Mica mines have been

worked four miles from Daid)ury.
Limestone and marble are found in
the county and the great need of this
country is railroad transportation
facilities. Danbury, the county seat
is a thriving town, and there are
several other good villages in Stokes
county.

Surry, Yadkin, Davie, Davidson
and contiguous counties are similar
to Forsyth and Stokes in location
products, etc. What all this section
needs most for a rapid deA'elopment

is RAILROADS.

This vast region through to and
around Cumberland Gap, with its ac-
knowledged mineral wealth and many
fertile valleys, might weli be termed,
the railroad desert of America, for
there is no other section that has
been known to the white man so long
and with so many valuable features
of commendation that is still lying
undeveloped. No thoughtful man can
examine this region of hundreds of
acres of unmined coal, with its moun-
tains of iron ore, abundance of fire
clay, etcetera, without expressing the
greatest of surprise that it has not
come to the knowledge of capitalists
long before this and been a manufact-
uring district, with its thousands of
blast and coke furnaces, rolling-mills,
cotton manufactories, and a million
of attendant inhabitants.

Throughout all this vast country
ai'e immense forests which have
scarcely known the woodman's axe
and the great desirability of making
a permanent outlet to its natural
wealth cannot well be overestimated.
From "Winston to Cranberry is about
one hundred miles, and a road could
there connect with those now build-
ing to the Gap, where they will tap
the air line across Kentucky. This
connection would place Winston
within less than 500 miles of Cincin-
nati with her twenty-eight lines of
railroad, radiating to every point of
the com})ass. It is strange indeed if
a corporation cannot be formed to
take hold of these advantauvs.

OF WI.XSTO.N-SAl.EM.

13

FEMALE .*..( AI»E.MY.

SALEM. N. C.

.\ii •■(IncaticHi.il insti-
nuioii rliat lias been
successfully couductecl
(■()]• S4 years should be a
just pride to the city in
which it is located, and
revered by its numer-
ous and widely scatter-
ed ;ilniim;t'. The Salem
Female Academy was
opened as a boardinj";
school in 1804, having
ever since continued it*
educational work with-
out intei-ruption. Buv-
ino' this time moi-e than
(j.OOO of its ;iluwihv
have <>one foith to do
their alloted ])art in
life's field The children
and <ir;nid-children oi
its early pu])ils have in
many instances been ed-
ucated here oivjno- thi?
academy a wide spread
influence and well earn-
reputation. It is nn-
sectai-ian in its teach-
ings, liut is conducted
under the ans])ices of
the Moravian chni-di
and strict repirdis tak-
en for the moral and
iMliuions welfare of the
students. Pupils are
associated touvther in
loom coni])anies under
I lie char^-e of the teach-
ers, their habits care-
fully noted and every
safe^iuard thrown around them. P.eautifnl <i-rouiids adjoin the buildin.irs, of
which there are several not represented in the ai coni])anyin,u' cut. The
sanitary surroundings are in excellent condition and judicious callsthenic
exercises have been instituted for ])leasure aiu' ]iliysical dcn'elopment. The
course of study is thoroutih. distinctive in its feature of individuality anj
covers every desirable held, but our s]iac(^ will not permit of an extended re-
view of tlie curriculum terms, etc., which can lie secured on application to
the Princi])al. The buildin,iis are located in a pleasant and retired iiart of
the quiet Mora viau settlement of Salem, and tlie extensive ])rivate eronnds

14

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

are a <lelijilitfnl [»la<<^ for out of door
recreation, surronnded 1)y the beaut-
ies of nature.

Rev. J. H. Clewell.is Principal, and
superintendent of the commercial
course. He was educated at Bethle-
hem, Pa., and Union Theological
8eminai-y in New York City. Rev.
Edward Rondthaler. D. D., pastor of
tlie Moravian church, and recent
principal, is superintendent of the de-
partment of languages. Prof. L. B.
Wurreschke, a graduate of a Ger-
man University in Silesia, has
charge of the Physical Science Depai-t-
ment, and the chief position on the
musical staff is now held by Prof.
Geo. F. Markgraff, who, in addition
to his training in tlie l)est MoraA'ian
schools on the Continent, has taken a
course in the Berlin Conservatory of
Music.

Every department has a full corps
of instructors — in all, twenty-five
teachers — each enthusiastic to accom-
plish the best results in education.
The average attendance is about
220.

A Male Academy, or l)oys' prepar-
atory school is run in connection
with the Moravian interests here, un-
charge of a princi])al and four teach-
ers, havinu' an average enrollment of
150.

The Salem public selioolis in charge
of Mr. Samuel Hege and a female as-
sistant. Salem also has a colored
public school.

PUBLIC SCHOOLS

OF NORTH CAROLINA.

It is well that our leo-islators have
provided for the education of the
masses, as from reason and intelli-
2:ence must come our profi'ress in civ-
ilization. North Carolina has more
than a half million of schoolchildren,
and of these, accordinu' to the latest
returns, 353,4S1 were whit.-. The
per centage of ■•irollment and attend-
vmce at the p\-.oi:r; sch.ools indicate

that the opportiinities have been ac-
cepted by the white and negro race
almost in exact accordance with
their respective population and a fair
share of all who would naturally be
expected to attend school have ac-
cepted the benefits to be derived from
the public schools. Indeed the at-
tendance is quite as good^proportion-
ally as in the New England and Mid-
dle States, but for want of sufficient
funds, the school year in North Caro-
lina is only a little more than one
third as long as in some of the North-
ern States. This is partly atoned for
by the greater number of private
schools in the South, but our public
school system should be earnestly
fostered as it must be our great re-
liance for theeducation of the masses.
North Carolina's total population is
1,525,341, and assessed valuation
1202,752,622, while her average an-
nual appropriation for public schools
is .$(371,116. The Southern States
spend about twenty millions annually
for schools and the entire United
States 1111,304,927.

THE COUNTY SCHOOLS.

Outside of the Twin-City there are
about seventy-five schools in this
county, with an average enrollment
over 40, nuiking an^ aggregate of
3,033 scholars. These are cared for
by efficient teachers and undei* the
general direction of Prof. A. I. But-
ner, a native of this county, who was
educated at the Moravian schools
and who has been for fifteen years
past, principal of the Academy at
Bethania. Supt. Butner reports a
deep interest in the work and an up-
ward movement in tlie county
schools.

AVINSTON GRADED SCHOOLS.

The first decided movement for the
orfi'anization of graded schools in
Winston was made in January, 1(S75
by Col. J. W. Alspaugh, Joseph Mast-
•^n, deceased, P. A. Wilson, G. W. Hin-
shaw, C. B. Watson and others. A
subscription was started and the

OF WLNSTOX-SALKM.

ir»

Legislature asked to api)r()])ria1e tlif
publie money to the fiiaded .system.
Tlie j)eople at first voted down the
direct tax, but subsequently the sys-
tem was adopted and activiMvork be-
gun.

If there is any one thinji' moi-e than
another of which Winston should
feel a- just pride, it is theexeelleney to
which her graded schools have at-
tained. B(»g-inning in chaos, five
years since, Superintendent Tondin-
son, by the aid of well selected as-
sistants and backed by a school
board of superior intelligence, has
wrought wonders and given to the
Twin-{'ity a justly earned reputation
of having the best graded schools in
North Carolina. The jjresent
school board are Col. A. B. Gorrell,
chairman; Mr. W. A. Whitaker, sec-
retary; K. D. Brown, M. \V. Norfieet,
and Col. J. W. Alspaugh. The build-
ing of which we present a cut on
another page was planned by the Su-
perintendent and cost |2(), 000. It is
a- two-story brick in T form, having
a length of 190 feet and a depth, in-
cluding Chapel oi- Assend)ly room of
170 feet. The im])osing tower runs
up four stories and with belfry and
spire attains a height of 112 feet. It
has nine recitation rooms, amjde
halls, a commodious library and of-
fice, all elegantly fitted up, and the li-
brary is worthy of s])ecial mention as
it contains a most extensive outlay
of pedagogic and other works which
are a great auxiliary to both teacher
and pupil, amounting in the aggi-e-
gate to over .f 4,001) worth of books.
Altogether both inside and out the
building is handsomely designiMl and
equipped and may well be termed the
"Crowning (Jloi-y of Winston."

Julius L. Tondinson is a native of
High Point, a giaduate of Trinity
and later of Haverford, Pa. Subse-
quently he took a post graduate
course and has now been for more
tlian a dozen years engaged in school
work. His efficient services here are

too well known to need further c(nn-
nif^ut.

Wm.A.Blair, 1st Assistant, is also
from High Point, graduated from
Haverford, Pa., in 18(S1, and from
Harvard a year later, and then took
a Ph. D. course at .Johns Hoi)kins
rnivei'sity. Pi'of. Blair disj)layed a
marked ability as an educator and
rapidly rose to prominence. He has
been three years in the school work
of Winston, is Su])erintendent of the
State Normal School an<l editor of
the Srhoolteuclwi; of which we make
note elsewhere. J. J. Blair, brother
of the above and also a graduate of
Haverford, Pa., is 2nd Assistant,
and a very successful instructor.
Mrs. S. G. Lanier and Misses Bettie
Spicer, Nora Dod.son, I'amela By-
num, Anna Bailiam and Annie Wiley,
all efficient teachers have charge in
their several depai'tments.

Prof. Frank M. Martin, a graduate
of l>id(lle I'niversity, of Chai'lotte, is
principal of the colored schools and is
assisted by two male andfoui- female
teachers, J. E. Foster, J. C. Albright
Mrs. C. B. Martin, Mrs. Bettie Cash.
Misses Sallie Wangh and Emma Mc-
Adoo. The l)nilding for these schools
is a frame structure in the eastern
part of the city,Avhich was comjjleted
last fall at a <-ost, including grounds
and fixtures, of |H,r)00. The enroll-
ment of the graded schools is nearly
1,100, about ecjually divided between
the races.

MORAVIAN CHURCH.

THE brethren's UNITY.

In comiection with the settlement
of Salem we have given some Mora-
vian history as the church had con-
trol of the land matters here for a
hundred years after the ])urchase of
the Wachovia ti-act.

The first settlers of Salem arrived
in January and February, 1760.
They were George Holder, Jacob
Steiner, Michipl Zeigler, Melchoir
R;isp. of Pennsylvania, and Gottfried
Pia'zcl, Niels Peterson, Jens Smith

IG

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

and John Birkliead, from Europe.
These were reinforced by additional
eAiigrants from Pennsylvania in the
eoming fall, accompanied by Rev.
Richard I'tley, who became the min-
ister of the parish. A two stor^^
church building- was erected in 1766
which served a half dozen years as a
house of worship when a more sub-
stantial church took its place. In
1772 a bell, weighing 2,758 pounds
was brought overland from Pennsyl-
vania, and which served as a town
clock by tolling the hours. A two
stop organ was also made that year
antl took the place of the trombones
which had been brought from Europe
with the first settlement of the place.
The 1772 structure sei'ved as a
"meeting house" until the present
remarkable edifice was completed in
1800. A large pipe organ was built
in the new church in 1799, which is
still in acceptable use there. The
church structure is an imposing brick
edifice which would probably cost
120,000 to duplicate at the present
time. It was erected by the individ-
ual labors of the brethren and a
large donation from Brother Fred-
erick Marshall, the leader in the Mo-
ravian settlement, but no record was
kept of the total expense. The super-
structure is surmounted by a town
clock which strikes not only the
hours, but the quarters as well. It
has a convenient seating capacity for
800 people, and will hold on pressure
a thousand souls or more. It is
heated b^^ furnaces, has kitchen at-
tachments, pastor's conference rooms
a large Sunday School Chapel, and
is a credit to the people who worship
there. The simplicity, industry and
moral integrity of the Moravian
Brotherhood has been widely felt in
its refining influence over this section
of country. The SalemFemale Acad-
emy was established by the South-
ern Synod of the Moravian Church in
1802. The organizations of this sec-
tion are Salem and its four mission
churches, Eden, FricdJtind, Friedlmrg,

Hope, Macedonia, New Philadelphia,
Olivet. Old Town, Bethania, Mt.
Bethel, Providence and Oak Grove,
numbeiing over 1,600 communicants
— of whom, about 600 are in Salem
parish. For eleven years past the
Salem Church has been under the
spiritual charge of Edward Rond-
thaler, I). D., of Pennsylvania. Af-
ter graduating at the Moravian
Theological Seminai-y, at Bethlehem,
Pa., Rev. Rondthaler was a student
on the continent for some time. The
degree of Doctor of Divinity was con-
ferred upon him at Chapel Hill, in
this State.

CENTENARY M. E. CHURCH.

The first Methodist organization
in this vicinity was at Pleasant Grove
2% miles west of Winston by Rev.
John Alspaugh. about 1836. A few
years later a church was built at
Jerusalem a mile north of the city.
In 1852 the place of worship was
moved to the court house, a lot was
purchased and soon afterwards a
small brick church was erected on
the site of the present edifice.

The Methodist Episcopal Church of
Winston was continued under the ad-
ministration of Rev. W. W. Albea in
1854, and the present elegant edifice
was erected about four years since at
a cost of 127,000. It'is one of the
most commodious houses of worship
in this State and would grace a met-
ropolitan city. The style of archi-
tecture is modern and the building-
will accommodate 1,500 persons, the
seating capacity of the main audito-
rium reaching about 1,000 and the
annex, which opens out direct to the
pulpit with rolling doors, will seat
500 more. The membership numbers
about 550, among whom are many
of AVinstons able and influential citi-
zens. Outside of the main congrega-
tion there are three Sabbath Schools
and mission stations connected with
this church, under the charge of Rev.
<". W. Robinson. Hex. W.C. Norman,
the pastoi-, is a native of Davidscjn

OF WINSTON-SALEM.

17

county, gTaduated from Trinity ( "t)l-
leg-e and has been fifteen years in the
ministry, eoming-from RahMgh, where
lie had reinained four years, to Wins-
ton, De('end)er, 1S87. On a succeed-
ing- page we hope to give an ilhisti-a-
tion of file above handsome struct-
ure.

THE PHESBYTERIAX CHTRCH,

of tins phu-e, was organizt'd in 1(S()2
and now lias 165 members. The
buihling erected the year of organiza-
tion is entirely inadequate to present
convenience and $11. ()()() has been
subscril)ed towards a new place of
worsliip which has already been com-
menced. There is a handsome pai--
sonage on the lot which with the
grounds is valued at about ."|(),0()().
The chur(th is well organized,
liaving a full corps of mission and
aid societies,. Sunday School, etc.
The Ladies' Aid Society has accumu-
lated neaily $1,400 in three years
past, with wliicli to purchase an or-
gan for the new church. Rev. E. P.
Davis, pastor, is of Rutherford coun-
ty, this State, and graduated fron>
Davidson College, subse(]uently tak-
ing a course in the Theological Semi-
nary of (\)lunil)ia. S.C. and has been
eleven years in the ministry, occupy-
ing but two charges before coming to
Winston.

BAPTIST CHURCH.

The Baptist Society was organized
in 1871 and the present building-
erected five vears later at a cost of
$4,000. Several hundred dollars of
additional improvements have since
been made and others are in contem-
plation. A couple of yeai's since a
mission chapel was built on Hroad
Street at a cost of $2,r)00 and Houi-
ishing Sabbath Schools ai-e held in
each house. The church niembershi]»
is 235. Rev. H. A. Brown, born in
Rockingham county, this State, has
been pastor for eleven years past.
He is a graduate from Wake Forest
College and served for three years as
pastor at Fayetteville. .\. C.. before

<*(jniingto Winston, wlicicjiis caiiiest
laboi-s have built up a large and in-
fluential church membership.

METHOniST PROTESTANT.

The Methodist Protestant church
was organiz<'d in l<s42in what is now
known as Liberty. In 1.S50 a frame
l)uilding was erected on the site oc-
cupied by the present building, and
the liead<iuai'ters of the meml)ershi])
was moved. In 187(5 a brick luuise
was built at a cost of $:5.500. At
[)resent there ai-e 210 communicants.
Rev. W. E. Swain was made pastor
by the conference of December 1887.
He is a native of Washington coun-
ty, this state, and wa.s educated at
Yadkin College, N C.

ST. pail's EPISCOl'AE.

The J]pisc()pal organization was
commenced in 1877, J. C. Buxton, of
Winston, and Miss Laura Lemly, of
Salem, l)eing the only communicants
at that time. Shortly afterwards
the church was built at a cost of
$.'?,000. The present membership is
al)<)ut fifty-five and the parish is in
charge of Rev. H. (). Lacy, of Con-
necuticut, a gi-aduate of Columbia
College, N. Y., and later from the
Berkley Divinity Institute, of Middle-
town, Connecticut. Rev. Lacy has
been in the ministry for five years
])ast, coming to Winston two years
ago.

Tlie colored ])eo]»le have Moravian,
A. M. E., Zion Methodist. Bai)tist
and Presbyterian oi-ganizations,
most of these having c(nnfortable
houses for worship, and a good mem-
bership.

L()D(;es. s()ch:ties, et(".

S.ilrni Lodf-v, Xo. l'S9, A. F. A- A.
M.. meets at Hunter's Hall. 1st
Tliui-s(hiy night. It was organized
shortlv aftei- tlii' war and has about
45 members. E. A. Ebert. W. .\L;
.\. C. Meinung, secretary.

Knifjhfs and Ladies of Honor, Sa-
lem jiudWinston lodge. No. 3(57. was

18

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

organized Oetol>er 27, 1880 and has
a present membership of 36. Meets
1st and 3d Tuesdays, over Salem
post-offiee. T. B. Douthit, protector;
C. E. Crist, past protector; C. B.
Pfohl, secretary.

Salem Lodge, No. S6, I. O. O. F.,
meets in Odd Fellow-Masonic Hall,
Tuesday evening-s. It was organized
in 1852, burned out in 1880, now
has about 60 members. J. C. Bes-
sent, N. G. ; T. E. Reynolds, V. G. ; H.
T. Foucht, Sec.

Salem Encampment, I. O. 0. F.,
meets at above Hall, 1st and 3d
Thursdays and numbers 31 members.
W. H. Hall, C. P.; J. C. Bessent,
Scribe.

Winston Lodge, 167, A. F. & A. M.
meets 2d Mondays. It was estab-
lished December 8th, 1854, with P.
A. Wilson, Sr., W. M.; Peter Fetter,
S. W. ; Jno. W. Hunter, J. W. P. A.
Wilson, Jr., is the present W. M. ; H.
W. Foltz, secretary, and the member-
ship 93. Postmaster S. H. Smith is
Deputy Grand Master of the State.

Winston Chapter, No. 24, R. A.M.,
holds conyof-ations 1st and 3d Mon-
day eyes. It was organized in 1853,
I. P. Gibson, H. P.; Wni. W. Sted-
man, King, and Dan F. Dalton,
Scribe. D. P. Mast is the present H.
P., and Wm. A. Blair, Secretary.

Piedmont Commmandery, No. 6,
K. T., holds regular conclaves on the
4th Monday. It was organized in
1884 and has about 21 uniformed
Sir Knights. H. T. Bahnson, E. C,
N. S. Wilson, Recorder.

Knights of Honor, No. 1673, or-
ganized June 1879, and has a pres-
ent membership of 55. It meets 2d
and 4th Tuesday night in Johnson's
Hall. T. B. Douthit, Dictator; H.
T. Bahnson, Reporter.

Lilterty Council, No. 3, Junior Or-
der I'nitpd American Workmen is a
beneficial society and was organized
October last. It has about 40 mem-
bers, and meets at the Masonic Hall

in Salem every Monday- evening. J.
P. Stanton, Conn., R. A. Hauser. Y.
C. ; W. L. Morgan, Secretary.

Winston Assembly, iVo. 6485,
Knights of Labor was organized
December, 1886, and has 160 mem-
bers although many of them are not
in present standing. This society
meets in the Gray Block, Friday
evenings. J. J. Robertson, M. W. ; L.
N. Keith, Secretary.

A. L. Assembly, No. 6655, K. ofL.,
(colored) organized May, 1886, has
30 members. Meets at Knights of
Labor Hall in East Winston, Tues-
day nights. A. Gates, M. W. ; J. H.
F. Dabney, Secretary.

Salem Orchestra consists of 14
performers of high merit and has re-
cently had a thorough training under
the directorship of Prof. Robt. L.
Carmichiel, who has gained a promi-
nence in that line.

The Salem Cornet Band has 12 in-
struments and is under the leader-
ship of C. M. Levister, billing clerk at
•the Salem depot. G. H. Rights, of
the Republican office has served in
the capacity of special instructor of
this musical organization for some
time past. The band was organized
over 50 years ago and has since been
in constant service.

The Salem Philharmonic Society is
under the leadership of Prof. Geo. F.
Markgraff, of the Academy, and this,
with the orchestra, band, etc., has
given to Salem a reputation for a
high order of musical talent.

Twin-City Cornet Band was organ-
ized January, 1887, and has seven-
teen performers, a majority of whom
are experienced musicians, under the
leadership of Dr. J. A. Blum. D. T.
Crouse, a musician of prominence, of-
ficiates as musical director, and his
training ability has given to the or-
ganization a high order of merit. The
band meets Friday nights at ^^'ins-
ton Fire Company's head(}uartpr«
lor drill.

OF W IN ST ON -SALEM.

19

CLUB ROOMS.

Tlip Club Rooms of Winston ;irt' an
honor to tlie city and have none of
the innnoral tendency so often found
in pbices bv tliat name. Dr. H. F.
Gray, Mr. \\. A. Whitaker and others
consulted upon tlie proi)riety of this
matter and decided that properly
conducted rooms providinfj- for even-
ing recreation would enhance the
morals of the city and a definite ])lan
was consumatcd.

The Twhi-City Club was oro-aniz(Ml
in Febrnary, ISHo, with Mr. Whita-
ker as first president and Dr. Gray
has officiated as one of the executive
committee since its commencement.
The favor bestowed u])on this resort
after more than three years of con-
tinuance, is evidenceof the wisdom of
the movement. The club has su-
perb rooms in the 8d story of the
Gray Block, brilliantly lighted by
electricity and elegantly furnishe(1.
More than a hundred mend)ers of the
city p/ife are on the rolls and the in-
stitution is governed V)y a high mor-
al sentiment. A magnificent dance
hall, admirably arranged reading
room, card and l)illiard tables, lava-
tory, etc., are part of the institution,
but no profanity, betting oi' drinking
is allowed nor anything offensive to
the liberal nnnded('hristian. .1. (".
Buxton is president aiid B. B. Owens
secretary.

Tlif Gernuiu Club lias adjoining-
rooms to the Twin-City Club, but is a
separate organization. B. L.Craw-
ford is president, and E. C. Stray-
horn secretary. An entertainment
for those who trip the light fantastic
toe is given every two weeks and the
rooms are arranged to open out with
the Twin-City Club rooms when so
desired. The German Club is govern-
ed under like stringent mor;d regula-
tion and has about forty mend)ei-s.

7^he Twin-City Tpiupcnuirp lipfonn
dub was organized Novend)er, ]SS().
as a missionary temperance work,
without political affiliation, with a

nondnal a diuission, and small uioiit li-
ly dues. It has an interesting read-
ing room, well furnished by friends of
the enter])rise and presents a strictly
moi'al place for recreation. The or-
ganization is between 800 and 400
strong, having a branch at Fnion
(Jrove in North AVinston and is con-
tem])lating one at Waughtown. .1.
(2. A. Barham is president, and C. 1).
Hunt secretary. S. H. Snuth was
one of the jjrinie movers and its fii-st
president.

The Forsyth Rifieuien was first or-
ganized at Gei-manton. Stokes
county, in 1S12, by Col. Benj. Foi--
sytli, re-organized in iS-tO for duty
in the Mexican war and again in LSfH
by Col. Belo. The present oj-ganiza-
tion was effected June 7th, 1SH4, as
Company A, 3d Regiment, North
Carolina State Guard. Ca])tain, W.
T. (irav; 1st Lieut, J. C. Bessent :
2d Lieut., F. T. White. There are
forty-three active- men, equip])ed,
with regulation uniform.

Thp Lfuifl Office management, offi-
cially styled the Board of Provincial
Elders of the Southern Province of
the Moravian Church, is a corporate
body that has charge of the real es-
tate matter of the Wachovia tract.
About 1.000 acres of this remains
and for the mo.st part is good tobac-
co lands, in ])rice from .f 12.r)0 to f 15
per acre. .1. T. Lineback has charge
of the office and is secretary and
treasurer of the company, having
been connected with the business
since 1^55. He is also Treasui-er of
the Salem Congregation, which has
large real <'state interests, and in
that department is assisted by his
brother, .1. A. Lineback. ,

The Twill-City Hospital Associa-
tion was organized June 28th, 1S87,
foi- the charitable object of establish-
ing .-1 hospi<^al for Winston-Salem. A
))niiding was leased b}' the commis-
.-iiMiers oi th'- two places and through
*1; • '-xertions J the ladies, was furn-
ished and opened December last.

20

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

OA'er 20 patients liave been admitted
and success has crowned the efforts of
those wilhng- workers for the ji'ood of
humanity. The hospital is support-
ed by the 10 cent month dues of the
180 members and generous contri-
butions from others. Mrs. Jas. A.
Gray was first president and Mrs.
Gen. Boggs officiates in that capacity
now. Mr.s. W. A. Lemly, vice presi-
dent, Mrs. J. W. Fries, secretary and
Mrs. J. F. Shaffner, treasurer.

The Twin-City has the full comple-
ment of literary, missionary, ladies-
aid and other societies usually found
in a progressive and refined city.

PRESS, ETC.

The influence and progressiveness
of a community may be largely esti-
mated by the nunilier and character
of its public journals and the Twin-
City gives a good showing in that
respect.

Blum's printing-house was one of
the first in the state having been
started in 1827. Through its papers
almanacs and other publications it
has wielded a wide influence and to
some of these we are indebted for
valuable dates. The excellency of its
present work shows it yet to be on
the progressive plane.

The Peo}jlf\s Press, published by
L. V. & E. T. Blum, is now in its 36th
volume and retains many of its early
subscribers. The Blums have a book
business in connection with their
publishing house and various other
interests in Salem. The Weekly
Gleaner was the name of the first pa-
per started in 1829 — and next year
changed to Farmer s Reporter nnd
Weekly Cjii'ojiirle. The Cniolina Gh-
zftfe was started fn 1841 to be sus-
pended two years later. The Press
was established in 1851 and still con-
tinues.

The Western Sentinel was begun in
1856 by F. E. Boner and James Col-
lins. J. W. Alspaugli subse(piently
Ix'camt' owner and was su<'ceeded bv

G. M. Mathes, Edward A. Oldham,
and the present publisher, Vernon
W. Long. Mr. Longis a graduate of
the State University, at Chapel Hill
and has shown a marked ability with
the scissors and quill. The Sentinel
has an extensive circulation and in
addition to its newspaper fittings
has been recently put in good con-
dition for job work and these pages
are printed from its new self spacing
type.

The Union Republican was estab-
lished in 1872 by Walser & Walker,
and was a few months later purchas-
ed by J. W. Goslen, a native of the
county and a graduate of Trinity
College. The Republicin office is
well fitted as a newspaper and job
office and a credit to the Republicans
(jf Western North Carolina. It has a
large circulation clearly demonstrat-
ing the fact that there is no ostra-
cism on account of political prefer-
ences in this section, but that both
parties are represented by an intelli-
gent and reading commiinity.

The Twin-City Daily was started
four years ago and has met the re-
quirements of om- people as an organ
for current events. It was commenc-
ed by Uoub & Whitehead, making-
several firm changes before it came
into the hands of its present propri-
etor, Jas. 0. Foy, who first engaged
as a partner with P. A. Snider in the
publication of the Daily, from whom
he afterwards purchased his interest.
The Daily has advocated every move-
ment for the city's good.

The Southern Guarrlsnian, a papei-
on militiiry Hiid musical matters was
established in 1885 by Edward A.
Oldham, at that time Adjutant 3d
Regiment, North Carolina State
(iuard, was suspended for a time and
revived again in May, 1888, by Will
X. Coley, 1st Seargeant, Company
A., 3d Regiment, North Carolina
State Guard. The Guardsjnan is the
official oi-gan of the State militia.

OF WIXSTOX-SALKM.

21

Tin* Srhooltecichfrii^. an »'(lucation-
al journal now in its second volunio.
an'd al)ly Klited by Prof. W. A. lUair,
a prominent teacher in onr j^-raded
.schools. It is a model of neatness
and a great auxiliary to the pro-
o'ressive teacher.

The Acndeniy is in its tentli volume
and is published in the interests of
the Salem Female Academy. It is
an index of personal happenings
around the school, lettei-s h-om the
alumna:^, literary writings, etc. Miss
Emma A. Lehman, the editress has a
wide reputation for the high chai-ac-
ter other scholarly ai-ticles.

JOB PRINTl.Nd OFFICES.

C. G. Liinier has at this writing,
one of the most complete job j)rinting
outfits in Western North Carolina
and employs several hands in turn-
ing out the various classes of com-
mercial pi'inting. Williamson t^ Mor-
ris began the book tiade here in
1(S(S2, connecting therewith job print-
ing which de])artment has been add-
ed to from time to time to meet the
re(iuirements and three ])i-esses are
now run by steam, with all the auxi-
laries neetled forrapitland first-class
work. The book store comprises a
large line of school and miscellaneous
works, news stand, blank books,
stationery and show case goods.
The entii-e ])usiness is conducted in
tlie Liberty Block and was purchased
from W. l'>. Williamson by ('. (J. La-
nier a few months sinc<'. Mr. Lanier
is a native of Davie county and has
been a resident of Win.ston foi- the
])ast six years. The Auchor. edited
by Mrs. Mary ('. AVoody, of (Jreens-
boro, is printed at this office, and the
Schooltenclifv. before uKMitioned.

Stf\v;irt's .Job Other is a credit to
the enterprise of its ju-oprietoi-s, who
are natives of this (-(Unity, and have
spent several years in the larger cit-
ies ])erfecting themselves in the ])rint-
iug liusiness. In 1X8.") tliey fitted uj)
their ])i'esent enterpi'ise in the (Jray
bU)ik. foi- commercial, liook and news

work. These gentlemen have had a
wide range of experience and orders
for any class of j)rinting entrusted to
them will be executed in good style.

I'OST-OFFICKS.

Tlie p()st;d statistics of an\- com-
munity is a very good iiKh'.x to the
gi-owth and pros])erit\' of the
place, and we are pleased to note
that both Salem and Winston have
had a steady growth in the volume
of business done for several years
past. The list of post mastei-s in
Salem is a long one and the connec-
tion of names has not been pieserv^d.
T. B. Doutlut, the present incund)ent
is a native of Davidson comity, and
a resident of Salem for thirty years
])ast. He was in nuM-cantile trade
prior to taking charge of the ])ost-of-
fice in August, IcSH."). Mr. Douthit
arranged a new office and has a very
convenient system of box delivery.
He has also plac(^d a colliH-tion box
on Main strec^t, near the Winston
city line for the convenience of Salem
citizens. The office is third clasH
with a sahiry of |1,2()() and the bus-
iness has increased 25 pei" cent in the
past three years. W. ('. Crist, a na-
tive of Salem has olticiated as assis-
tant since the advent of Mr. Douthit
to the office.

WINSTON F()S'r-( ) F Fl( ' V. .

A])()st-otficewa8established in ^^'in-
ston shortly aft(M- it was made the
county seat. .1. P. \'est'still residing
in the Twin-City was tli(» first po.st-
inastei- and was succeed(^(l by Na-
thaniel Bannei-, H. K. Thomas, J. A.
White, and Mode Faircloth. During
war times the (^ftice wiis discontinued
for a couple of vears, after which W.
W. Albea,W. A. Walker, and J. F.
Hc^len had charge prior to the a[t-
pointment of the present incumbent.
Samuel H. Smith is a native of
Wadesboro, N. C.,andengagvd in the
(li-ug trade here about a dozen years
ago. He was chosen Mayoi- of Win-
ston by the Commissoners. upon the
resignation of -I. C. Buxton, who had

22

DESCRirTlVE SKETCH

been elected to the Senate, and later
elected by the people. In August,
1X85, Mr. Smith resignied to take
charge of the post-otRee. The office
has steadily increased in receipts and
salary and will next month be rank-
ed as a second class ^Yith a salary of
12,000 and additional allowance for
clerl: hire, rents, etc. This is the dis-
tributing point for five star routes in
addition to its double daily railway
sei-vice. About G,000 letters are
handled daily and the aggregate
mail matter per month reaches 1 4, 2."')0
pounds. The postal notes and nnjn-
ey orders handled average 532 per
month, aggregating a sum of $5,-
000. John R. AValker. a native Win-
stonian, has been four years in the
office as assistant postmaster, and
Wm.H. Hitt, of Danville, Va., has
had a long experience at the delivery
window.

ELECTRIC LIGHT AND MOTIVE POWER
COMPANY.

Nearly every progressive city has
an electric light company and Wins-
ton's e ffi c i e n t Electric Light
and Motive Power Company was in-
corporated in August, 1887. A good
brick building was erected on 5th
street which together with the mach-
inery and fittings, has made the plant
cost nearly |25,000. The system
used is the Brush Electric. The arc
dynamo is of 45 light power and is
taken to nearly its full capacity. This
requires about 10 miles of wire
and the incandescent system with
4-50 light dynamo has nearly 15
miles of wire in use. A Ball engine
and Erie City Iron Works boiler,
l)oth of 80 horse power, and manu-
factured at Erie, Pa., are in place
and are doing satisfactory work. J.
W. McEarland, for sevei-al years con-
nected with the Brush Company, at
(Jleyeland, Ohio, is superintendent
and electrician; 1). P. Mast, secretary
arid treasurer; W. A. Whitaker, pres-
ident. The system has proven popu-
lar in Winston and has been highly

complimented on its successful work-
ing.

Salem Gns Worka was erected in
1859 by F. & H. Fries is still owned
l»y the firm and supplies a jiortion of
Salem's public and private houses
with th(^ illuminating fluid.

FIRE DEPARTMENTS.

Both cities have a well organized
and effective fire department,
thoroughly manned and in good
working order. The Winston Fire
('omjviny. No. 1, has about 25 well
drilled men in charge of Capt. A. J.
Gales. This company has a La France
steamer, and lOOO ft of hose, purchas-
ed in 1882 at a cost of |3,800. W.F.
Keith, engineer.

The Salem Rough and Ready has
40 men, a Button steamer bought
two years ago at a cost of $8,000,
and is promply on hand when an
emergency requires. Jno. Schott is
Captain; F.H. Vogler secretary, T.
E. Davis, Engineer. There are two
fire inspectors appointed for each
ward and all flues and other flre traps
are carefully looked into at stated
intervals and to this fact Salem
doubtless owes 'much of her special
exemptions from disastrous fires.
Salem has the oldest fire engine ex-
tant, which was manufactured in
England, brought herein 1785. It was
in use for many years.

Salem Water Works first started
in 1778, was changed to present sys-
tem in 1878. A brick reservoir holds
()0,000 gallons and the iron tank,
450,000 both being supplied from
two large wells from which the
pumps, run by water power, convey
the fluid to the reservoirs. F. H.
Fries is president, L. N. Clinard, sec-
retary and C. A. Fogle, superintend-
ent. These works were planned, sur-
veyed and their construction super-
intended by the private enterprise of
the individual members, with the
smallest amount of cash outlay and
furnish an excellent su])ply of pure
soft well water.

OF WINSTON-SALEM.

28

The Winston Water Reservoir is
sitiiatf'd oil the sniiniiit wIihi-p itji'ivcs
g'ood pressure and holds 1, ()()(), ()()()
<!:alloiis. It is also sujiplied from
wells and the pumps run by watpr
power from th<'. old Helo foundry
plant. The Winston Water ('om])aiiy
was org-anized in IHSO, but lal)ored
under considerable ditticulty in ,<>et-
ting a surticient amount of stock tak-
en. The reservoir was completed in
1883, and over 4:% miles of mains
have been laid. The wells hold a
quarter million g-allons and the wat-
er is superb in all respects. It is fi'ain-
ing- in ])opular favor and will in time
supplant the ])rivate wells which in
the thickly settled part of the city
soon become impure from surface
drainag'e. The city has 43 fire hy-
drants. T. J. Wilson is president of
the company and G. W. Hinshaw.
Secretary Treasurer and Sujxm-
intendent.

BANKING INTERESTS.

The banking- interests of a commu-
nity are of great importance to the
general welfare, and the standing of
the men at the head of these institu-
tions is a matter which concerns e^--
ery person in the city. We can coiiti-
dently refer to the banking officers of
this city en mfisse as a strictly relia-
ble, conservative, and enterprising
set of men. The banks here are back-
ed by good capital, judiciously man-
aged, and a suspicion of unsoundness
in any resjiect has never resteil upon
them. This condition of matters adds
largely to the general standing of the
Twin-rity but the banking (jq^ital is
less than half a million and it might
with {uopriety be increased to double
that amount.

THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK

was organized March, 187(5, with a
capital of |5(), ()()(), which wasshortly
afterwards increased to |1()(). ()()(*).
The bank has a present surplus and
undivided profits of over .f()5, ()()().
has regularly- declared 10 per cent.

<lividends an<l stands solid in all re-
spects.

J. A. liittiiig, a native of Stokes
county, was elected as President of
tlit^ institution upon its opening and
shortly afterwards removed to Wins-
ton where he has assisted in devclo])-
ing manufacturing and other ])ro-
gressive matters of the city. .1. W.
Alspaugh is a native of this place,
was a practicing attorney and nego-
tiated loansfor the ca]»italists of this
vicinity prior to commencing the
l)aiiking business as cashier of the
First National on its opening in ISJO.
Col. Alspaugh was mayor at different
times, for several years editoi- and
jn-oprietor of the Sentinel, and has
been moreorless ideiitihed with every
movement for the j)ublic good. C.
Hamlcn, noticed in tobacco manu-
facturing, is Vice-President. L. AV.
Pegram, of this county, has been
Teller and Assistant Cashier for 10
years past. P. W. Crutchfield and
dames Martin officiate as book-keep-
ei-s and Paul J. Bitting as Collector.
The Directors arethe President. \'ice-
President, Casliier. .1. 1). \\'atkiiis and
T. J. Brown.

WACHOVIA NATIONAI> BANK.

was established in June, 1879, by W.
F. Bowman, Win. A. Leinly, Jas. A.
(iray, E. Belo, J. W . Hunter and
others, with a capital of .f 100, 000
which was increased to |1. '50,000
about two months later. The sur-
plus and undivided i)rofits at the
presiMit time amount to about .fl 00,-
000, and the annual di^■idlMlds of 8
])er cent ])er annum compare ver}'
favorably with the best monetary in-
stitutions of the land. Mr. Lemly,
the pi-esident is a native of this coun-
ty and has been in the ])ankiiig busi-
ness for twenty years. He was elect-
ed to the res])onsible position as cash-
ier of the First National Bank of Sal-
em. whiMi but 10 years of age and af-
ter ofhciating there a dozen years
was chosen as cashier of the Wach-
ovia upon its opening and held that

24

DESCIIIPTIVE SKETCH

position until the death of Mr. Bow-
man when he was elected president
and Jas. A. Gray succeeded as easli-
ier. Mr. Gray was born in Randolph
county, came to Winston in child-
hood and was in the mercantile trade
here for several years. He commenc-
ed with the Wachovia Bank as Assist-
ant Cashier when the corporation
was formed and Avas promoted to
his present position upon Mr. Lem-
ly's election as president. The di-
rectors are the president and cashier.
J. C. Bu.xton, Eugene E. Grav, W. A.
Lash, N. D. Sullivan, and J. W. Hun-
ter. E. S. Graj^ and G. H. Brooks
are book keepers and Wiley (i. Gib-
son, messenger. The bank is popular
among our people and holds average
deposits of a quarter million dollars,
the transactions aggregating nearly
twenty million dollars annually. The
new rooms being fitted up on the cor-
ner of Main and Third streets oppo-
site the court house square are in the
center of trade and will have every
requisite for convenience and safety.

KORSYTH 5c. SAVINGS BANK.

This organization was incorporat-
ed in February last and has recently
commenced a banking business. It
is established under the State laws,
which provide for tlie welfare of the
depositors by restricting the loans to
first-class securities, inspection by
the State Examiner, and other
wholesome protection. The Forsyth
Bank is officei-ed by honorable and
conservative gentlemen and will furn-
ish a good place for the deposit of
small savings, each time — deposi-
tor becoming practically one of the
stockholders. Eugene A. Ebert, a
Salem manufacturer is president; J.
M. Rogers, B. J. SheppardandDr. H.
T. Bahnson, vice presidents; E. A.
T'fohl, treasurer and Y. W. Long
clerk of the board. The trustees are
C. Hamlen, H. E. Fries, G. W. Hin-
shaw, S. E. Allen, C. A. Fogle, J. V^' .
Hanes, W. W. Wood, R. J. Reynolds.
C. A. Hege, Y. (). Thompson,' C. J.
Watkins, R. D. Brown and A. J. Gales.

MANUFACTURING INTERESTS.
On pages 2, 3, 6, 7, and 11 we have
given some valuable ideas and sta-
tistics, regarding our manufact-
iiring, clearly demonstrat-
ing the superiority of the South for
industrial developments and the im-
portance which these institutions are
to any progressive city. It is but
proper that we should begin the spec-
ial descri])tions of that line in the
Twin-City with the firm which com-
menced prominent manufacturing in
\Yinston-Salem over ' 40 years ago
and Avhich continues imder the origi-
nal name given to it in 184G.

F. & H. FRIES,

COTTON AND WOOLEN FACTORIES,

Flouring Mills, Etc.

Francis Fries, deceased in 1H63, be-
gan wool carding in 1840 and a year
or two later added spining and hand
looms for the manufacture of Salem
Jeans, a product which soon received
a wide notoriety. Henry W. Fries, a
brother of the above, who still con-
tinues an interest in the enterprise.
1)ecame a partner in 1846, making
the firm style F- &• H. Fries, which
remains unchanged. In 1848 this
firm built a cotton factory, princi-
pally as an adjunct to supply the
woolen mills with warp. This was
equipped with 528 spindles and con-
sumed nearly 100,000 pounds of cot-
tcm for its second year. Improve-
ments were added from year to year
to both the woolen and cotton mills
and the consunq:)tion of raw material
at the commencement of the wiw was
about 150,000 pounds of cotton and
over 80,000 pounds of wool. A cot-
con factory had been built in 1837
by the Salem Manufacturing Com-
pany, which under reverses and bad
management suspended operations
about 1856. The building was after-
wards fitted up as the Wachovia
Flouring Mills and later purchased
by the Frieses, who have it in success-
ful operation. These mills have 6
brakes of rolls turnino' out 50 barrels

OF WINSTON-SALKM. X. ('.

of flour daily and a paii' oT l)urrs
liaviiij;' capacity for lialf us iiiucli
more. Two pairs of com rocks grind
about 200 bushels of tliat cereal
daily and both a nterchrint and cus-
tom business is conducted. In <xo(h\
"Tain years a suthciency of wlieat
and corn is raised in this vicinity to
not oidy supply the local ti-ade but
to furnish large shi])ments for the
distant markets. These mills ai'e
under the direct personal supervision
of H.E. Fries.

THE ARISTA t'OTTOX MILL

"Was erected by the firm in ISSO and
is a decided achievement in modern
manufacturing. This structure was
erected on the most approved plans
of the successful New England cot-
ton mills at a cost for building and
equipments of about |12r),000. It
is well lighted and ])erfectly adapted
to the business throi^g'liout. The
mill is furnished with (i,4S() spindles,
180 looms and every requisite for
turning out superior goods at a min-
imum price. A year ago the motive
power was found to be insufticient
for the most successful work and a
200 horse power Corliss engine, built
at Chester, Pa., was placed in posi-
tion. This massive motor weighs 26
tons but works as smoothly and
steadily as a sewing machine. The
fly wheel is 20 feet in diameter, the
rim and arm weighing 2."),(»00 lbs.,
and the shaft- and hub adding 10,000
more. The face of the rim is 28
inches in width and turns the ma-
chinery by aid of a belt IHO feet in
length and which weighs ()."»() jjounds.
E. S. Miller has been engineer for tlie
firm for the })ast 1") vears.

The Arista Mills' last year used
1,888 bales of cotton aggreg-ating
855,417 pounds which made 1,727,-
G27 yards of goods, besides 1<)(),447
pc^unds of yarn.

The woolen factory consumed in
1887, 174,843 pounds of wool and
produced 375,255 yards of woolen
goods. The reputation of these
mills is very wide some of their pro-

ducts having l)een shipi)ed to China
and other foreign ports and at pres-
ent their oi-ders are far in advance of
the working cai)acity. Tiie Frie.se.s
ai-e noted for tluMr generous dispo-
sitions and liberal dealings witli their
employees and the jjublic. They em-
ploy over 240 hands and disburse
large sums in weekly wages and in
general impi'ovements to (mr corpo-
ration. Firms of this character are
iinpoi-tant factoi-s in thf^ prosperity
and substantial growth of the city.
Tile firm is composed of Henry W.
{"'ries, one of the original partners,
and .lohn W., Francis H.,and Henry
E. Fi-ies, sons of Francis Fi-ies, de-
ceased.

Jolin \\. Fries is also individually
interested in tanning, conducting;
that l)usiness on an extended scale.
This tannery dates back to the set-
tlement of the town and at ])resent
furnishes an excellent grade of leath-
er.

Iron Working Interests.

(.'. A. Hego li' Co., i'rojirietors.

The men who by genius, personal
energy and industry have widened
the scope of manufacturing and by
their woi-k made the Twin-City
known in distant markets are deserv-
ing of a])pr()priate mention in these
])ages.

C. A. Ilege tlir princi])al owner of
1 lie Salem Iron \\'orks is a native of
this vicinity and after completing
llic machinists tr.-ule in Hethlehem,
Pa., located in Salem about 15 years
ago and started iron work in a small
shed. With a lathe turned by horse
power, his genius was developed and
additions were required from year to
year until the i)resent fine three
storv structure was erected in 1882

26

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

at a cost for g-rounds, buildings and
equipments of about 1 80,000. Prior
to 1887 Mr. Hege's industry was
principally on plows and small foun-
dry work.* In that year he took out
patents on an "improved set" for
circular saw mills, which invention
proved to be so accurate, convenient
and easil3' managed as to create an
immediate demand for it amon^-
mill men. Five years later, for the
accomodation of this rapidly increas-
ing trade, the present structure was
erected with 23,000 feet of floor area
properly heated and lighted, and
thoroughh' e<]uipped with modern
labor saving machinery. Mr. Hege's
inventive genius has perfected mach-
inery of practical utility in every de-
partment of the shops so that his
force of men can turn out double the
work usually produced with the same
number of hands. Conveniences for
handling heavy articles, lifting cranes
and general labor saving devices en-
able the Salem Iron Works to pro-
duce a large amount of machinery.
The Hege mills are so popular in the
South that in connection with part-
ners in Florida, he has recently
started a branch shop for the con-
struction of the new patent, any
kind of wood working machinery and
railroad repair work at Apopka, a
growing town at a i-ailroad crossing
in Orange county, Fla.

The Salem iron works have an ex-
tensive sale for their improved Hege
saw mills in over twenty states ; also
in Canada, South America, the West
Indies, Australia and Siam. They
also build engines, wood planers, and
a general line of wood working ma-
chinery, for all of which they have an
extensive trade, l)oth north and
south.

VANCE'S IKON WORKS,

SALEM, X. ('.

./. .1. Vance, Proprietor.
J. A. Vance was born in this coun-
ty, moved to Salem 16 years ago
and for a long time was engaged at

Fogle Brothers' mills. Five years
ago Mr. Vance started his enterpiise
in the basement of the new planing
mill where he had access to a con-
venient power and has added iron
working machinery until he now has
a first-class machine shop. His
specialty is saw mills of which he has
about 50 working in this State and
has perfected an iron bed wood
planer tliat has become a favorite
among the wood working trade and
Mr. Vance is scarcely able to keep up
with his orders for this new machine.
Plumbing and gas fitting in this and
surrounding cities is a prominent
feature of his trade in which he em-
ploys a number of men. L. O. But-
ner, of Salem, is manager of this de-
partment, and J. J. Robertson, also
a Salemite, is foreman of the machine
shops. Repair work of all descrip-
tions has prompt attention and with
three machine shops here, manufac-
turing interests can have new mach-
inery made or repairs attended to as
expeditiously as in any other city of
tills size in the States.

WINSTON IRON WORKS,

MAIN STREET, WINSTON.

Ke.ster Brothers, Proprietors.
The Kester Brothers are natives of
Winston and both practical mechan-
ics, Dan'l E. having for some years
officiated as foreman in the Salem
Iron WVjrks. Several months since
they erected a 2 story brick building
on Main street and with the Ijegin-
iiing of the present year furnished it
with modern planers, lathes, drills,
etc., for effective iron manufacturing,
added on a fine foundry room and
are now fully equipped for good work.
A 20 horse power Tanner & Delaney
engine and boiler from Richmond,
Va., are in place, a small engine for
rumiing the fan to the'blast lurnace,
orders for work have come in rapidly
and the new firm starts off" under
favorable auspices. The Kester Bros,
are young men of industr,y and i)ush
and will doubtless succeed.

OF WI.NSTOX-SALEM. N. C

Wood Working Interests.
F()(JLEHR()THEHS,

SALKM, N. C.

Iini}(]ers, ('oiifr;ictois nnd Wood
Workers.

The Fojile's jL;ivat— <iran(l-f';itlit'r
eame to this county inl75r» and tlic
name has ever l»een a familiar otic
here. Au«i-ustiis Foji'le. fatlicj- of tiic
above firm, was a carpenter and tlic
sons have been l)rou<iiit nj) in wood-
workin<>-. The fii-ni was foi-med in
IHTI, as l)nihlers and manufacturers
<jf sash.dooi-s. iVrc. Additional build-
''in<i-s and machinery were added from
year to year as their business re(juir-
ed, and the present two story brick,
of plain archit:^cture, was erected in
1883. It is ()()xl2(). fitted with the
best ofniachineT-yan<l furnishes hand-
some and convenient rooms. The
old buildin<i' :{()xl 20 and two stories
is also occu])ic(l in the business. The
Arista Mills ami many of the best
business buildings and private resi-
dences in the Twin-City have been
built by the Fofile lirothers. Their
dealinjis with customers are very lib-
eral and a lar<>-e number of laborers
and mechanics have secmvd homes
l)y havinji' lon<>- time payments that
could not have done so otherwise.
All kinds of doors, sash and buildine-
material is turned out, i-ecpiirine-
about 100 car loads of hnnber an-
nually in addition to that purchased
in this section. Besides builders"
material this fii-m manufactures .")().-
000 to G."), 000 tobacco lioxes annu-
ally: givin<i: employment, in their
different de|)artments, to an avei-a<ie
of 50 to 65 men and makinji' this a
business of no mean im])ortance to
the prosperity of Salem.

MILLEK BROTH EKS.

CHESTNUT AND 1 ST STS., WINSTON.

Contractors, S;tsh. Door and liliiid

Manufacturers.

The firm of Miller Brothers, (1. L.

and. J. S., commenced in 1872 as

builders and five years later the mill

was added. In 1S,S4 .J. S. retired
leavin<i' (Jideon L. as sole ])roprietoi'.
A few months later the mill was burn-
ed entailiufi' a severe loss, but Mr.
Miller soon afterwards erected the
])iesent fine two-story sti'uctxn-e 55x
120. The yard is on Plrst street,
runniufj;,' from Chestnut to Depot.
Convenient engine, boilei- and dry
houses, all of brick are near the main
buildings. The lund)er yai'd is sys-
tematically ai-ranged witli incline
tracks running into the mill. (J. E.
.Miller accepted a partnership two or
three years siuee and restored the
old name of Miller Brothers. (J. L.
has been for over 20 years an active
mechanic anH fully understands ev-
ery feature of the ti-ade while 0. E.
has had 15 years of expei'ience. The
firm ei-ected the Ah'thodist church
described elsewhere, the Farmers'
Warehouse, (Jray Block, J. A. Gray's
fine residence and many of the prin-
cipal business and private residences
of the place. The location of the
mill is in close proximity to the de-
j)ot giving easj- access for shipments.
The buildings have first class equi])-
ments for sash, doors, blinds and
other wood work and the lot 21 Ox
270 gives every needed faiility for
i-apid and perfect work. An average
of 40 men or more are em]>loved and
Miller Brothers deserve a full share
of credit for the imitrovements and
architectural beauty of the Twin-City.

.\. C. FIKNITURE COMPANY.

SALEM-WINSTON. N. C.

Wliolesalo and Ret ail Furniture.
The devel opnient and success which
has attended wood manufacturing in
North Carolina dui-ing the present
decade is sufficient to wan-ant us in
expecting more rapid growth in that
direction than we liaveheretofor(> at-
tained. R. Stevens of Pennsylva-
nia opened up a retail furniture
store in "Winston a couple of years
ago. Being a practical cabinet mak-
er he concluded to manufacture goods
for his custom, a vear since ftn-med

28

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

an alliance with the proprietors of
the Salem Iron Works^ andooniraenc-
eci the entr'rprisp. It was at first
only designed to supply the home
demand, but the proprietors added
the best of wood working machinery
from month tomontlumtil they now
liO-Ye one of the best equipped furni-
ture factories tliat is to be found
in the South and are securing an ex-
tensive wholesale tradt- in the Caro-
linas and Virginias. The luuiber is
principally secured in this section of
country and with the advent of rail-
roads into the forests of Western
North Carolina, walnut, poplar and
oak will be cheaply and easily pro-
cured. The North Carolina Furni-
ture Company have a retail store at
the corner of Third and Liberty
streets in AVinston, under the man-
Ki,gement of J. C. Simmons and the
manufactury is at the Salem Iron
Works, where the advantage of saw
p.iill, planers and special machinery
perfected for this business gives them
every facility for rai)id and good
Tvork.

CICERO TISE.

MAIN STREET, WIXSTOX.

Furniture and Undertnkiug.
Cicero Tise is a native of AVinston
ai>d was for a dozen years employed
ui the merchandising. In 1877 he
Kommenced the furniture trade and
Sias added to the Imsiness until he
now has one of the most complete
assortments in this section of coun-
try. Jacob Tise, father of the above,
erected the handsome galvanized
ci'ou. front building, on Main street,
opposite the court house, in 1887.
Tliis structure is -10x100 feet, three
stories and basement and its archi-
tectural beauty Avould grace a metro-
politan city. Six months ago the
basement was fitted up with ma-
ii'hinery for pro.lucing the ordinary
grade-? of fin-niture and several hands,
ai'e now em])loyed in that work by
Mr. Tise, under the superintendency
«f H. D. Holcomb. of Pennsylvania.
X. H. Pt^grain an experienced man.

has charge of the undertaking de-
partment and every requisite for
burial service is furnished from this
well known house. In addition to
all kinds of furniture, from the com-
mon grades to expensive parlor suits,
Mr. Tise also keeps a full line of hous:'
furnishing goods, carpets, wallpaper,
refrigerators, stoves, china vases,
etc., and carries an assortment of
buggies as well. A steam elevator
runs from basement to garret and
a finishing room 40x50 in an adjoin-
ing building opens into the second
storv.

A. C. VOGLER & SON,

SALEM, N, C,

Undertaking and Furniture.
A. C. Vogler is a Salemite, and
after a five years apprenticeship with
the venerable John D. Seiwers, he
opened up a cabinet shop on his
present site, thirty years ago. Mr.
Vogler added ready made goods to
meet modern progression, now has a
good assortment of furniture, (order-
ing the finer grades by sample, wlien
desired. This hou.se manufactures
<-ommon coffins and furnishes fine
caskets to meet his demand in under-
taking. In this line his trade s])reads
out over a^ ^wide territory, and with
a quarter of a century's experience,
evei-y requisite to the last sad rites
is carefully looked after. AVith Jan-
uary "87, Mr. \. admitted his son '
Frank H. as a partner. Frank has
since I'eceived a diploma from the
Oriental School of Embalmers, and
is secretary of the North Carolina
Fndertakei-'s Association. The trade
of the firm extends out foi' a radius
of twenty miles or more, and needs
no further comment from us.
AA'INSTON AGRICULTURAL AV'KS,

DEPOT STREET.

Tate's Victor Grain Separator.
The AA'inston Agricultural AA'orks
was incorporated in 1884 for th^
manufacture of Tate's A^ictor grain
and seed separator, a most useful in-
vention for the farmer, as from its

OF WIXSTON-SALEM.

■2{)

simplicity, it is eminently pi-;u'tic;i])lf.
We hope to see the ma mi fact lire of
this machine pushed to the extent of
its merits.

Wagons, Carriages, etc.

GEO. E. NISSEX c^- CO.,

SALEM P. ()..

1 \ \i u,<>h to u7i ]Vn!j;on M;i ii ufnct niers.
Jolin P. Xissen, fatlier of George
E. and Wm. M. Xissen, of tlie above
firm, commenced the waiion trade
two miles southeast from Salem P.
0., in 1834-,and up to the time of his
death in IS 74, had sent out more
than 5, ()()() wafions. The l)usiness
continued to increase, now averaging
.lOO to TOO wagons yearly, and mak-
ing a total output np to the present
time of over 11,000 wagons of tlu^
J. P. Xissen brand. The firm owns
a, mill at Panthei- creek, in Yadkin
county, and purchase besides a large
amount of lumber fi-om the mills of
this and surrounding counties. The
factory comprises a number of build-
ings, the most conspicuous of which
is the mill, whose tall smoke-stack is
noticeable miles away. A 4.") horse-
power Westinghouse engine runs the
machinery, which comprises s])oke
and hub lathes, circular saws, planes,
shaping machines, tenoning devices,
and other inventions suited to the
business in hand. Another small en-
gine supplies the blacksmith sho])
with power. This shop is a ])eculiar
shaped building, presenting twelve
sides and contains twelve forges.
There are two wood working sho])s.
two paint shops, besides minor build-
ings and sheds. The business gives
employment to some fifty or sixty
workmen — were it not for the labor-
saving machinery employed this force
would necessarily l)e very much
greater. Material is kei)t on hand
for three or four years supply, in or-
der to have it thoroughly seasoned.
The hardware stock is of superior
quality, and the required sizes and
lengths to work advantageously, is

made by a Pittsburg iron firm. Th.e
copartners have grown uj) in the fac-
tory, and wagon making lias been
the business of tlipir lixcs.

J. A. WHITK^ SOX,

LIBERTY STREET, WLXSTOX.

Thi- Heel Curt, CmTiuges, ct Buggies.
Jas. A. White began the carriage
trade 25 years ago with J. T. St-ein-
er in Salem, and in 1S71 started bup-
iness in Winston, latei-, accepting his
son, .1 oseph O. , as pa rtner. All kinds
of carriages, buggies and rejtair work
is attended to. but the great special-
ty'of the firm at present is their own
device, patented January . 1SH7, and
known as the •'Tar Heel KoadCart."
This vehiclH is ]><)ssessed (jf man_v
features of merit, and is made with
double or siiiiile seat at prices -from
130 to 140. ' The firm have sohl
about 150 of these in this State
alone and when rightly found out
this patent should bring to J. A.
AVhite tt Son a comfortable fortune.
A factory for s])oke, hub and nent
works here and another well e(]uipped
for the maimfaeture of the "Tar
Heel" alone, would pay well.

F. ('. MEixrxc;,

S.VLEM. X. C,

('iiwinges. Buggies, Etc.

Henry E. Meinung, deceased, com-
menced the carriage business in Sa-
lem over half a century ago, and A.
E. Giersh, who began blacksmithing
for the shop in 1S37. is still at the
forge. The businc^ss was turned over
to the son, F. C. Meinung, four years
ago, and he continues the old hand-
made goods at the sign of the "Ked
Wheel."' in Salem, giving sj)ecial at-
tention to custom and repair work.

There are several wagon repair and
lilacksmith shojts in the Twin-CMy,
but ourspace is limited, and we M;;st
pass on to other matters.

You should preserve this ]u\\\ \v\' •
for future use.

30

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

Miscellaneous Industries.

SALEM HOSIEKY MILLS.

ELM STREET, SALEM.

A. G. Hough iSr Co., Proprietors.

The Salem Hosiery Mill was start-
(hI some four years asio and the firm
has recently erected a two story
brick structure on Elm Street. They
have machinery for tui-ning out
about 50 dozens of seamless half
ho-e and g'iA'e employment to some
30 g-ii'l.s. The product althoug'li of
excellent grade goods was at first
hard to dispose of. l)ut now finds a
ready sale in the Ncjrthern markets
at paying prices and has become
one of the established industries of
Salem. Mr. Hough is a native of
Davidson county, having been va-
riously engaged in firming, official
positions, editorial work, etc. R. A.
Spaugh, the other partner, was born
in this vicinity and officiated as
book-keeper in the Salem Iron Works
ior a long time.

SALEM PAPER MILLS,

SCRAXTON & LEE, PROPRIETORS.

Jhinilhi ^jnd Grey Wrapping Paper.
The Salem Paper Mill was first
started in 1885 and came into the
hands of its pr-esent proprietors
about a year since. It is fitted up
for the manufacture of wrapping pa-
pers, making from rags, about a ton
each day of manilla, or grey shades
and which is sold to North Carolina
dealers. It is run by steam and gives
employment to some ten hands.
Both the partners are from New-
York state and Mr. C. F. Lee, the
manager has been for 10 years in the
paper manufactui-ing trade. The
small manufactorips all lend assist-
ance to th cities" gi'owth and we
hope to see many more of them come.

SALEM BROOM FACTORY.

MALN STREET, SALEM.

W. <). Senseman A' Co.. Proprietors.

The manufacture of l)i-ooms was

begun here in a small way a cou])le

of years ago, but the demand is ex-

tending, and the above firm have
during the past month put out about
250 dozens of this indispensable
household article. The firm ship
their broom corn from Chicago, pay-
ing high freights, and as there is
much land in this section thoroughly
adapted to its growth, some of our
farmers would consult their own in-
terests by planting out a sutticient
acreage to meet the home demand at
least. The above firm will be glad
to advise with those who contem-
plate growing the product.

I. W. DURHAM,

FOURTH ST..

Marble and Granite TFo/A-.s.

I. W. Durham is a native of Char-
lotte and learned the marble cutter's
trade there, coming here a dozen
years ago and shortly afterwards
commencing- iu the marble and gran-
ite trade. Mr. Durham handles all
kinds of desirable, domestic and im-
ported marbles and granites. Native
granites of good consistency and
taking a fine polish are found in
abundance from four to twelve miles
from this place, and Mr. Durham has
superior fVicilities for meeting every
demand of his trade.

J. A. Bennett, of Salem, also has a
similar marble business on Main
street, opposite Brown's warehouse.

SALEM BONE MILL

AND COTTON GIN.

Dr. J. F. Shaffner, Projmetor.
The acreage of cotton raised in this
county is small, and the only cotton
gin in Forsyth, owned by Dr. Shaff-
ner, gins but little more than 100
bales per year. This was established
in 1882, and the doctor has since
added a bone mill, which makes a
market for old bones, and on ac-
count of the scarcity of raw mate-
rial, is limite<l to about 50 tons per
vear, of this valuable fertiliz(>r. In
1884 Dr. S. built a tobacco factory
in Salem, 55x80, three stories in
height, which, is now used as n leaf
house bv Edmunds A: Gilmer.

OF WIXSTOX-SAT.EM.

31

THE TOBACCO INTERESTS.

On pjijivs ])ri()i- to tliis we liavr
mentioned tlie t()l>a''c(» interests of
this locality, iriusti-a.tinu' on pa<2,v (>
the (lesii-ability ofthe Piedmont to-
bfveco and on pa<>,'e 11 fi'ivinu,' some
ao-o-veo;)te statistics ofthe Twin-City
mannfactoi'ies. It now remains foi-
ns to wi'ite a more exhaustive sketch
of "the weed" and inider notice of
the leadin<i- firms in that lin<' to <;'ive
athlitional facts, for to this industry.
AVinston e\specially owes a vei-y lai-<ie
.sharp of her (hn^elopment.

It has been demonsti-ated l)eyond
a doubt tliat for cliewing' ])urposes
no other se<-tion of eoimtry produ<-es
a more d(»sirable color and tlavoi'
than the hi<i:hlands of w^stei-n North
( 'arolina . Tracts that are compara-
tively pool', can l)e made to produce
from .")()() to (SOO pounds per acre
and altlioujLi-h many other states
raise double this amount, the<>-i"ades
are inferior and the net yield in dol-
lars and cents is moT-e here than in
sections of country that ji'row a f»:rea t-
er number of pounds to the acre. To-
bacco foi- domestic use has been
rais(>d in this region foi- a half cen-
tury, but a new inipetus was given to
the business about 20 years ago.
Guthrie, Marshall and Kirby, exyx^-
rieni-ed tobacco growers from Vii-ginia
had located in Forsyth county sonu^
years pnn-ious and by judicious till-
age had fully demonstrated that
western Nofth Cai'olina could be
made to produce as fine It-affoi-ihew-
ing tobacco as any s(>ction of the
globe. There are but few states, if
any, where the soil has been found to
be as well adapted to the su])ei-ior
grades of yellow and mahogany leaf
as this, so that we now iTi-actically
have the mono])olyand there is every
reason why this industry should con-
tinue to develop. The fine textured
tobacco will thrive up to an elevation
of perhajjs 4-,000 feet altove Uw sea,
and way up on the cliffs of the r>lu''
Ridge are found the hardy nionn-
taineers who grow a small "crap of

t ()l)acker,"' which is indinereiitly cai'-
ed for, dried in the sunshine, and
what he has above his own needs is
brought to market with which to
purchase a few necessary articles of
merchandise. The more thrifty far-
mer who pliints out a fair acreage of
the favorite kinds and looks after
the proper cultivation, curing and
mai'ketinii' with care, often i-ealizes
from |i?()() to -ir^OO per acre for hi;*
l)roduct and as these high lands can
l)e purchased chea])lymany northern
emigrants will doubtless soon en-
gage in this kind of agriculture.

From year to yeai'the business has
rapidly widened and now within a
radius of.'JO miles from this place, the
annual vield a<i-<i-regates S,()0(),0()0
to 12,()()0.()00 pounds. This is
nearly all sold at Winston and many
wagons come (}() miles or more with
tobacco, while lai'ge ouanties of yel-
low and mahogany hntf are shipped
from other points and marketed here.
The nund)er of persons in th*^ Twin-
City engageil in all departments of
the tobacco ti-a<le foots up over
4:,000aud thosedependent upon the
workers for daily brea;! would aggre-
ga te a s m a ny more. Our rea ders ca"!
depend upon the figun>s which we give
as beuvj; ;i pproxirunti'lyvovvert Sovw'f^
endeavor as far as possible to exclude
all over drawn statr'nient-*. As a
mark^'t foi- leaf tobacco, Winston has
rai)idly risen to the front and the
success of the manufacturers is large-
ly tlependent uj)on the fact that they
hav(^ daily access to the warehouses
tlmt furnish the finest grades of leaf
for chewing tobaccos, in the world.
The vast im])ortance to Winston-Sa-
lem of this industry cannot well be
ovei- estimated.

TOU.VITO W.MtKHorSKS.

To any one visiting Winston for
the first time, its tobacco warehou.ses
become objects of decided interest.
Especi;dly is this the" case if a big
"break" is in progress. Then can be
seen gathered togethei- 20 to 30 or
mori^ keen-eyed, thorougldy educated

32

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

buyers— men who^e senses are so
trained as to enable them to tell to
the fraction of a cent what this, that
or the other grade of leaf is worth to
the manufacturer (u* shipper. From
5,000 to 15,000 feet of the warehouse
floor is covered with piles of tobacco
leaf, rang-inj: from 25 pounds to
1,000 pounds or more; the stentor-
ian voice of the auctioneer is heard,
a score of farmers are waiting- with
keen suspense, all anxious to know
what his particular heap will bring.
A halt of 15 to 20 secondsismade at
each lot while the buyers examine the
grade of goods and in turn puts in
his bids, the weed is "knocketldown"
and the surging crowd pass on to
the next pile.

Winston has four tobacco ware-
houses and in older to avoid too
much repetition, we will say that all
of these have basements, furnish am-
ple storage for tobacco, stalls lor
horses, office accommodations and
camp rooms for larmers. The ( oun-
tryman^ who drives to Winston has
only to bring his iorage ibr horses
and provide something for his own
sustenance, when he can live quite in-
dependent of hotels or livery stables,
as the warehouses fuinish ample
rooms for roughing it, or "camping'"
as it is called. The annual sales of
the four AVinston houses aggregate
11,000,000 to 14,00(),()()0 pounds
yearly or about |1, 500, 000 in cash
transactions.

Prior to 1872 no eflort had teen
made to systematize the marketing
of tobacco, the curing and handling
Avere indifferently done and growers
placed little dependence on the article
as a staple crop.

Maj. T. J. Brown, a native o Cas-
Avell county, residing in Davie for
some time, became impressed with
the needs of Western North. Carolina
lor a tobacco market and alter pros-
pecting at Madison, about January-,
1872, decided to try A^'inston. By
hi.? request, (i. W. Hiuf-hawexttmpo-
rized a warellou^e bom a stabie on

Liberty street, and Maj. Brown ojieii-
ed up piiblic sales in February of that
year. Col. J. W. Alspaugh, Wilson
«t Gorrell, Dr. Shaflner and others
uniting with Maj. Brown in the ideas
(jf }n-ogression, cametrj his assistance
in the erection of the old Brown's
warehouse on Church street, which
was completed in 1872 and which
the major subsequently purchased
entire. This was the real opening
movement of making Winston a great
tobacco mart. The daily auction
sales brought together the buyer
and seller, created a regular law of
supply and denmnd and made a sta-
ple product of "the weed."

brown's avarehouse.

Lash's warehouse was erected in
1873, and continued in use for sever-
al years. The Planters' (now Pied-
mont) the same year and others sub-
sequently. Brown's old warehouse
did good service for a dozen years,
the transactions under its roof ag-
gregating several millions of dollars.

W. B. Carter, of Rockingham coun-
ty, accepted a partnership with Maj.
Brown, about 14 years ago and in
1884 the firm built Brown's ware-
house on Main street which is a- mod-
el structure of its kind and deserving
of more extended comment than our
space will allow. The nmin building
is 90x200 feet the salesroom cover-
ing 18,000 .'•quarefeet, without post,
pillar or other obstruction. The
building with grounds *is valued at
•f 2(.),()()(;) and the enterprise is in ev-
ery way a credit to its proprietors
and to the city Avhich gave it birth.
J. Q. A. Barham, an auctioneer of
twenty years experience nets as sales-
man and has few superiors. P. A.
Wilson, Jr., has officiated as book-
keeper for several years past.

THE farmers' warehouse.

Col. A. B. Correll was identified
Avith tlv^ first decided tobacco moA'e-
ment in AVinston. Avas for sometime
book-keeper and later a jmrtnerAAith
Mai. Ib'OAvn. TI'p rol(,r,. i is n rative

( ) F WIN STON-S A LEM .

:V\

of Greensboro but cMiue to Winston
at an early age, and was a mercluint
of this city foi' several years. He
has served our people as mayor, al-
derman, school commissioner and
been closely connected with many
progressive movements. G. \\\ Hin-
shaw, (a public spirited Winstonian,
who will have further mention in the
mercantile department), and others
joined Col. Gorrell in 1881 for the
erection of the Farmers' warehouse,
which is a handsome and commodi-
ous structure on Liberty street. The
Colonel gives his strict personal at-
tention to the business and the Far-
mers" warehouse has made a steady
increase in sales from year to year,
which is gratifying' to its proprietoi-,
and evidence of his good business
tact. G. E. Webb, of Durham has
officiated as auctioneer- of this house
for three years. N.S.Wilson, a Wins-
tonian is the efficient book-keeper.

PIEDMONT WAREHOUSE.

This structure was erected in 187H
by a stock company and was origi-
nally known as the Planters". It
was leased in l87()byM. W. Norfleet,
Iju'ge additions made and the name
changed to tlie Piedmont. The pres-
ent building is (50x1 00 Avith an E 40
x7(). Mr. Norfleet is a native of Cas-
well county, was engaged in Mer-
chandising in Winston foi- a year or
two, prior to commencing the tobac-
co business as projirietfjr of Pied-
mont warehouse. The sales of the
house have increased tenfold since
Mr. Norfleet came to the business in
1876. H. J. Crute, auctioneer, is a
Virginian and has been with the
Piedmont for four years past. The
entire force of em])loyees are atten-
tive to their respective duties giving
general satisfaction to both buyer
and seller.

THE OKINOCO

is a fine brick structure 90x200 at
the corner of Main and Second sts.
It was built by a stock company,
opened November 10th, 188-t with

-too piles of tobacco on tlieHoorand
has ever since been in successful oper-
ation. The firm operating the (Ori-
noco is Gilmer, Wilson, & Co. Of
('apt. Gilmer we shall elsewhere write
in connection with the oidy exclusive
wholesale house in town. He is also
a leaf dealer, (-firm of Pxlmunds &
(iilnier). His partner, Mi*. E. H.
Wilson, is a native of this comity,
and the management of the business
of the warehouse largely falls to him.
This position is ciiaracterized by a,
class of work that calls for adminis-
trative and executive ability. The
firm have the services of C. S. Mat-
lock, an efficient ;iuctioneer, and J.
B. Taylor, of Heiu-y county, Va., as
book-keeper, besides tlie full corps of
expert assistants usually reipiired in
tlie business.

MANUFACTIJU:!) TOBAC(;0.

Some manufacturing was done in
this vicinity prior to the advent of'
warehouses, Maj. Hamilton Scales
having been first to start the busi-
ness in Winston. .1. A. Hitting was
by far the largest buyer in the leaf
niMi-ket during lS72-'5, shijjping his
purchases to (ieorgia for manufact-
ure. From year to year oui" enter-
prising business men discovered that
a good leaf market ju-esented extra
induiements for the manufacture of
])lug and twi.st, and to-day the Twin-
City has a world-wide rejiutation
from her success in this industry.

Our tobacconists as a I'vde are men
of whom tlu' Twin-City may well feel
])r()uti. (lenerally starting withsmall
means they have by sagacity, indus-
try, and jierseA-erance hewn out then-
own success and beconie the ai-chi-
tects of the competency with which
they are surrounded. Theirdealings
with customers and em])loyees Irive
been characterized by liberality and
for generous aid to ]iul)liienter])rises
no class of our citizens (-an be so uni-
versally relied ujjon. Without their
bountiful assistance it would scarce-
ly liave been possible lor solargi.'and

34

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

complete an edition of this descrip-
tive sketch to liave been issued. Yet
most of these libertil donors would
nave been satisfied, if the general
g'ood had been properly covered,
that we pass theml)}' without a spec-
ial mention. We have however decid-
ed to make brief personal reference to
each important establishment; but
in order to not occupy too much
spjice we will generalize our matter
as far as practicable. The attentive
reader by this time must understand
that Winston and Salem lie side by
side and Winston being the city of
latest developments has the larger
share of tobacco factories, because
building sites wei-e here found to be
more accessible. There are over 30
firms engaged in the trade and two-
thirds of tliese have fine large struct-
ures, four to five stories in height, ful-
ly equipped Avith modern machinery,
steam and hydraulic attachments,
elevators, and every recjusite for suc-
cessful manufacture. Nearly all of
these establishments use principally
the tol)acco grown in this State. The
trade of our manufactni-ers covers
most of the South and is rapidly
gaining a foot hold in Penns^dvania,
Ohio and other northern states. The
larger firms manufacture their own
tobacco boxes and caddies amount-
ing to several thousands each year.
,The tobacco business here is con-
ducted upon a systematic basis, un-
der wise regulations, by a Board of
Trade, Avhich confines its delibera-
tions entirely t(j tobacco matters.
Col. A. B. Gorrell is president, Frank
A. Coleman, secretary; M.A.Walker,
treasurer, and the committe of arbi-
tration is B. J. Sheppard, J. AV.
Hanes and W. W. Wood. T. Barbei-
is supervisor of sales.

P. H. HANES cV CO.

Winston's Largest Manufactory.

In commencing the tobacco inter-
ests tliere are so many fine buildings
and real large fii-ms in the Twin-City
that it is ditHcult to know where to

begin ; but we believe that even the
competitors of P. H. Hanes & Co.,
accede to the claims of this firm as
having the largest tobacco manufiac-
tory here. H. Scales, T. L. Vaughn
and one other firm, (since gone out
of business) wei-e operating tobacco
hei-e when the above firm started in
1873. Hanes & Co., suffered by fire
the loss of their buildings and
and equipments in 1877 and soon
afterwards erected about half of their
present factory. Later an L was at-
tached and subsequently another
wing. It is a four stoi'y structure,
fronting 125 feet on Chestnut street
and extending back 155 feet. In or-
der to get an adequate conception of
the different features of manufacture
it is necessary to take a tour through
one of these establishments when the
work is in progress and several hun-
dred busy hands making plug and
twist from the tobacco leaves. We
will here onl_y say in brief however
that the leaf purchased from the
warehouse is recured, packed again
in piles, sorted for the diffei-ent
grades, stemmed, sweetened with
licorice and sugar, to meet the re-
quirments of different tastes and
brands, made into twists or plugs,
pressed, (in tobacco parlance prized)
boxed and shipped to the ti'ade.
This firm employs over 300 hands
during the tobacco manufacturing-
season. Last vear their purchases
of leaf was more' than 1,200,000 lbs.,
of sweeting fifty tons, and after the
loss from stems and otherwise the
Tiianufactured product made a net
figure of nearly a million pounds.
The favorite brands of P. H. Hanes
& Co.. arethe "Missing Link," "Man's
Pride," and the "Greek Slave" al-
though, as with all other fsictories
here, a nund^er of other popular
brands are made besides the leaders.
The Haneses aie from Uavie county
and have a thorough training in the
tobacco trade. The monthly pay
roll foots up nearly |5,000 and this
disbursement serves as a verv im-

OF WINSTON-SALE-M.

8:

portant f'actoi- in tlip prosjM^rity of
our city.

RJIOWX & BKOTHEK.
Plug, Twist, Xhv,v iiiifl Sinokiiii:,:

One of our larg'pst and most ])roin-
inent tobacco Tuannfactui-injitii-nis is
that whose name lieads this
article. Dr. AV. L. and R. I). Brown
first beg'anniakin<i- tobacco at Mocks-
ville, Davie county, ovei- twenty
years ag'o. Their factory was un-
pretentious, but it i)rove(l to be tlic
opening wedge and ]tivpa red them to
start aright in the business of Wins-
ton, wliieh tliey did in 1S7(). They
erected a stj'ucture .lO.xl.'iO fppf, four
stories and have since added over oO
feet achlitional to the length, besides
building an L H4x(3() feet. Bi-own cV:
Brother employ on an average '2~A)
hands and make an annual out])nt
of nearly tln-ee fourths of a million
pounds. During the busy season
some f4,000 per month is disbursed
for wages and the average j)aid for
leaf tobacco is probably doul)le this
amount. The product of the factory
is plug, twi.st and navy, medium to
fine grades, and granulated smoking
tobacco. Perhaps the most favored
brand is the "Old Oaken liucket," of
which they are the sole ])roprietors,
packing it in 2.~)Tt» buckets. The
"Waverly," •'Stonewall,"" "Cottage
Home,"" "Peace and Plentv," "Slaj)
Jacks," "Little Neck,"" "Our Q," and
others have a popular run. This
tii-m l)uys large t|uantities of burlcv
tobacco from the Louisville market
which they work into "navy" foT-
their general trade. Both of the
partners give personal attention to
the business and with etiicient su])cr-
intendants throughout, eveiy thing is
done in order. T. A. Wilson has for
eight yeai-s ])ast ofticiated as book-
keeper.

R. .]. HEY.\OLl)S,k CO..
Pliiff, Twist nnd Fniicv Tohm-cos.

R. J. Rej-nolds is a native of Pat-
rick county, Virginia and has Iieen
in a tobacco f;tctorv fi-om bovhood.

He commenced business in AVinston
in ISJ.") and has ke]»t pace with the
trade, increasing his facilities fi-om
time to time. His factory has a
wing, three stories and basement, of
."{(Sx2L') feet, and brick addition .')()x
.")(), making it front DO feet on Chest-
nut street, the l)uildings, grounds
and equipments being wf)rtli fullv
.f2."),0()0. The annual output of this
factory is between one half and three
(piartersofa million ])()inids. Mr.
Reynolds says that 18SS starts oft
with a.- bright ])rospects as any prev-
ious yeai- and he expects the factory
to eclipse the formerrecord. Tiecent-
ly W. X. Reynolds, a younger bi-oth-
er and Henry Bonn, an old em])loyee
of the office, have been adnutted to
an interest in the business and the
firm style is now R. J. R(>vnolds tV:
Co. From '2~A) to .'}()() hands areem-
])loye(l, thusgivingdisbursement to a
])rincely sum of cash which sjieedly
finds its way to the c()ft"ers of oui-
mei-chants and mechanics. Some of
the leading brands of this factoi-y
are the National, R. .1. K. (trade
mark), rind World's Choice. ]\Ii-.
Reynolds deals exclusively with job-
bers and has no salesman on the
i-oad, the merit of goods being a suf-
ficient advertisement to bi-ing sale
for all the manufacture of the house.

T. L. VALGHN.
•'Tlw Chnmpion Tohncco M.iunf'r."'
Manufacturing had been conducted
hereto some extent j)rior to 187^^
but T. L. Vaugh erected the first
factory expressly for tobacco making
in that year ancl has ever since held
a |)rominent j)lace in the trade. It
was a business iii which, in one form
or another, hehad been familiarsince
childhood, and he was adapted to
make a success of his projected enter-
])rise. His business during the years
since intei-vening for<-ibly illusti-ates
this fact. The old l)uilding is now
occu])ied by Vaughn, Locket cV Co.
Mr. Vaughn erecting his present tine
structure in the fall of LS,s;{. It fronts

36

DESCKIPTIVE SKETCH

100 ft. on Oldtown street and is 150
ft. in depth, and, inchisive of the base-
ment has Ave flooi's. In thearrang-e-
ment of this factory tlie practical
ideas of a practical man were iem-
bodied — and the result is complete-
ness so far as we can judge.

The capacity of this factory is esti-
mated at a million pounds per year,
but the out-put thus far has not ex-
ceeded about one-half that amount.
Mr. Vaughn's leading lirands are the
Broad Axe. Big Auger and Old Kover.

The nmrket sought and obtained
l)y Mr. Vaughn does not differ mate-
rially from that of most of the facto-
ries here. His customers are largely
located in South Carolina, Georgia
and Alabama. A growing trade is
held in Tennessee and a very consid-
erable business is being built up in
Ohio. Nearly all of Mr. Vaughn's
customers are jobbers — he has some
trade among retailers, but it is rela-
tively small, Avhile it is equallr true
that no traveling salesmen are em-
ployed to reacli eitlier wholesale or
retail patrons.

MODEL TOBACCO WORKS.
B. F. Hanes, Proprietor.
Perhaps no man in this place was
better cal<-ulated to build a model
factory than B. F. Hanes whose ef-
forts led to the completion of a fine
structure on Chestnut street early in
1886. A dozen year's prior expe-
rience, in the business with his
brothers, P. H. c^- J. W. Hanes, had
consummated his plans for a practical
workshop, and no means was spared
in making this factory convenient
and complete in all its workings.
The building is a brick structure 53x
153 ft., and, including the garret, has
five floors. It is thoroughly lighted
and ventilated. A 50 horse engine
and 40 horse boiler, of Richmond
make, runs the machinery, which al-
so has hydraulic attachments. This
house makes a siiecialty of the finer
grades of goods, and confines it,s lous-
iness entirely to the jobloing trade.

The leading bi'ands are Benjamin
Franklin, Carolina's Favorite, Gold-
en Chain, Our Senator and others.
With the second year Mr. Hanes ac-
cepted his brother Phillip as a part-
ner, but left the firm name unchanged.
More than 150 hands find employ-
ment here, and the output of the es-
tablishment for its two first years
aggregated about 750,000 pounds
which was nearly all sold before the
commencement of this season's work,
paying in these two years a revenue
of'|GO,000 to the Government for
tobacco stamps. The Haneses ai"e
both practical business men in every
sense of the word, and are reaping
the merited reward of a well planned
industrial enterprise.

BAILEY BROTHERS.
Plug and Twist Tobacconists.
Eight years ago M. D. and P. N.
Bailey added another to the long list
of tobacco factories in AAlnston.
They were in earnest — had come here
to stay — and in '82 erected their
substantial brick building on Chest-
nut street, 50x136 ft., four stories,
and fitted up with engines, boiler and
all other needed appliances. The
father of this firm was a manufactur-
er, and the Bailey Brothers had been
in the business at Statesville a half-
dozen years before removing to Win-
ston in 1880. Some twelve or fifteen
regular brands of plug and twist to-
bacco are made, beside special brands.
Among the leading and best known
of the regular brands are Natahala,
Old Bob, Ellen Fisher, Planter's
Choice, O. K., Clipper, Silver Moon,
May Queen and Lilac ; in brief, all
sizes and shapes are made that the
public calls for. The leaf is purchased
in the Winston warehouses by M. D.,
who gives his special attention to
that branch, of the trade and office
matters, while P. N. is general super-
intendent of the mechanical work.
In this as with other well I'egulated
factories every care is made to grade
the goods satisfjictoVil.y to custo-

OF WI.NSTOX-SALKM.

-{'

incis, which brings juhlitional or-
ders. About loOhjiiuls are emphjved
and the annual output is :50(), (')()()
])ounds.

RED ELEPHANT TOHACCO WKS.
H. H. Reynolds Proju-if'tor.

It is foreig'n to the purpose of tliis
pamphlet to laud iM-ivate enter])iMst's
or their })r()i)rietoi's, but a more t'ruil -
t'ul field tor df^sei'ved pucouiunis tliaii
the above could not well be found.
H. H. Reynolds was raised in the
finest tobacco se<-tion of Vir^'inia,
and much of his time in boyhood was
occupied in<i,rowin,iiand handlinji' the
best g-rades, so that lie is now classed
among the l)cst selectei-s in this i-c-
gion.

Ten years ago Mr. R. toolc up a
residence at AVinston, as he believed
the Piednu^nt Belt produced tobac-
cos of the finest chewing qualities,
and to tliis ]w largely attributes his
success, as the product of his estab-
lishment gives entire satisfaction to
the trade. His lousiness was at first
conducted in a rented house, but on
account of the rapid increase in his
trade he was forced, in 1(S(S5, to Ituild
and equip his ])resent nuimmoth
works which cost over .'(^25, 000, and
of which we present a cut on a suc-
ceeding ])age. The furnishing iscoiu-
plete in all respects and the business
has increased about tenfold dui-ing
his ten years in Winston ; the first
year showing a total outT)ut of .'5S.-
000 pounds and last year re(]uiring
441.1()T jjouikIs of tobacco besides
over 70, ()(»() pounds of licorice and
sugai'. He has a large trade in the
Soutli and is succ(>ssfully com])eting
in Baltim)r(»and the northern mark-
ets. Thebi-andsare, Revnolds' Best.
12 in. .'V'^, Red Eleithant, J) in. 4"s,
Red Elephant 7's, Honey Dew, Pea-
body, City Talk, Excelsior, Reaper.
Twin City, Honey Condi (8 ply twist)
and others.

Mr. Reynold's chief manager has
been with him since 1(S(S() and his
book-keeper since 188?», while many

of his iiands ha\c remained in his
emjthjy since he came to Winston.
The personal attention given liy the
proprietor to every detail of busi-
ness, insures for this establishment a
continn.-iuce of its well nuM'ifed suc-

t -(^'SS .

EOCKETT VAr(;H.\ c^i CO.

M;innf}icti]rers of Plufj; Tohnccos.

E. L. Lockett, originally from Yan-
cey ville, X. ('., come to this ])lace from
Danville, Va., where he had been
manager of a leadingfactoi-y for sev-
eral years. He was with Brown
Bros, foi- some time. Bitting &
Whitaker two years, and came to
this partnership in .S4. L. A. Vaughn
is a native of Stokes, and has been
i-aised in the tobacco trade, having
several years been manager for his
l)rother,'T. L.Vaugn. Follin Broth-
ers, of Charleston, S. C, wholesale
tobacconists, purchased an interest
in the business a year since and are
holding a large riui on the goods t)f
this manufactory throughout their
field of trade. One of the brothers is
an active partntn- in the Winston
house. This establishment gives em-
])loyment to from l.'O to 200 hands,
tlie l)uilding has a cajiacity of a half
million ])ounds and the annual out-
put in ])lug alone is nearly ;500, 000
])ounds. The territory tributary to
the factory constantly increases, and
every indication ])()ints to growing
])i()s])erity for this enterpi-ise.

The leading brands are. Linuted.
lied Meat, Our Peach, and Brown
.lug. and t lie force of the establish-
ment is principally enqiloyed in sup-
])lying the demands of the trade for
these special brands.

W. A. WHITAIvER.

'• Liirilli-" mill Other Tolvicros.
W. A. Wliitaker is a native of Yad-
kin county, and has had a wide ex-
jierience in handling tobai-co. His
factory, on the corner of Church and
r>th street, was originally built for a
leaf house, is 44xHG. having five

38

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

floors, and with recent additions, is
thoroug-hly equipped throughout.
He employs about 150 hands, and
has a capacity of fully half million
pounds annually.

Mr. Whitaker uses only the leaf
grown in the Piedmont section of
this state, believing that this is the
finest tobacco in the world for chew-
ing goods, and that its superiority
is largely what has made the Twin-
City tobaccos so rapidly acquire a
wide reputation wherever introduced.
He is an expert buyer, and in his fa-
mous "Lucille" claims to have a pro-
duct that cannot be excelled. White
Wings, Coronet, Zip, Golden Slipper,
Twin-City, Empress, Dick Graves,
Peach and Honey, Olive Branch and
Otter of Roses are among the favor-
ite brands of this establishment. Mr.
Whitaker is a progressive citizen as
Avell as tobacconist, and has done
much for the school system of Wins-
ton-Salem. The elegant system of
electric light which AVinston has, its
magnificent club room, and various
other public entei'prises are largely
indel)ted to his fostering care.

BITTING & HAY.
Mcinuihctuvers of Plug and Twist.

.1. A. Bitting, President of the First
National Rank, was one of the
heaviest purchasers of leaf in the
AVinston market for a year or two
after the business commenced here.
In 1876 Mr. Bitting engaged in the
banking business, and subse(|uently
commenced tobacco manufacturing
as Bitting & AA^hitaker. A coui)le of
years since ^Y. J. Ellis & Son built
and equipped, with improved ma-
chinery, a tobacco factory 50x120
feet, four stories and basement, on
Cherry street. This property was
purchased by the firm of Bitting ct
Hay, January; '87, and for the flrst
year turned out nearly a quarter of a
million pounds of plug and twist. It
has a capacitjv' for double that
amount, and is running about 150
liandii!. The i)roduct is i)rincipally

sold in the southern states, and their
leading brand is the Zebra, "although
several other ])opular styles are
made. AV. S. Hay, the jimior part-
ner, is a native of Rockingham
county, and came to AA'inston in
1880. He was employed witli Bit-
ting & Whitaker until accepting an
interest as partner in the above en-
terprise. Mr. Hay is thoroughly
conversant with'the requirements of
the trade, Mr. Bitting is an old to-
l)aceonist, and there can be no ques-
tion as to the solidity and success of
this comparatively new firm in
AVinston.

W. AV. WOOD c<c CO.,
Beleiv's Creek Street, Salem.

Located just in the edge of Salem,
this firm gets its mail from the
Winston postoffice, thus illustrating
how closely the two places are l)Ound
together, and the appropriateness of
the cognomen, Twin-City. Mr. AVood
is a native of A'irginia, residing in
this state from boyhood, and was
fo* many years engaged in merchan-
dising and manufacturing tobacco in
Surry county. Ten years ago he
located in Winston, but in 1882 he
had his factory burned, and for two
subsequent years was connected with
Brown ct Bro. In 1885 Mr. AA'ood,
in company with E. A. Ebert, a,
former merchant, and Dr. H. T.
Bahnson, both Salemites, occupied
the present fine four-story brick,
50x107 feet, and which is thoroughly
etjuipped for every demand of their
trade. This estal>lishment uses
about a quarter of a million pounds
of leaf yearly, the product l)eing
more largely sold in Georgia than
any other state. "Maud Muller" is
a special favorite, while any style of
plug and twist is made to meet the
demands of trade. It has steam
equipments, and gives employment
to over loo hands.

OGBURN HILL & CO..
Manufiieturers of Plug Tobacco.

The firm of Ogburn, Hill & Co., was

OF WIXSTOX-SALKM.

:V.)

formed 10 vfiirs jiii'o hv ('. .1. O^Z'IniT-n.
;i nativp of'tliifs countv, wiio li.-id
been raised in tobacco maimfactni--
ing-, and W. P. Hill, of Stokes countv.
formerly in business for some time.
The enterprise was conducted on
Old Town street until 1SS4. when
the requirements of their trade de-
manded better accommodations. —
January 1st of that year ('. D.
Ogburn was admitted, a new luick,
45x120 ft. five floors, was erected on
('herry sti-eet, and occupied in No-
vember, 1S84. Some of the favorite
brands areO.H.ct Co's Choice, I)ixi(\
(lold Leaf, Winston Leader, Engle,
Minnie Og-burn. l)i-ummer and others.
Mr. C. J. Og-burn attends to the buy-
ing and prizing, and Mr. Hill to tlfie
classing of leaf. The office is ])i-inci-
pally in the hands of C. U. Ogburn,
and by this division of labor among
the copartners the Ix^st and most
practical results aiv obtained.

The specialties of the firm ai-e tine
and fancy 12 in-.Ts. foi- wlii<'li lliey
have a large demand.

Al)out 100 hands ai-e emj)Ioyed
and over 200,000 pounds of leaf
handled yearl3\

HODGIN BROTH LRS S: LLNX.
Plug Hud Twist Tobncro.

Messrs. Payne, Lunn «.\: Morris
erected one of the tine large factories
on riien-y street which weiv built ii.\
1SS4, The size of this sti'uctui-e is
50x135 feet, four stories in height.
]Messrs. Payne and Moi-ris withdrew
from the firm, and L. L. Lunn, in
company with .1. M. and (J. D.
Hodgin, formed the ])resent firm
with this year. Thenew partnei-sliijt
employs over 100 hands, and ex-
pect to turn out 200.000 pounds or
more of manufactui-ed ])i-oduct. .Mr.
Lunn is from Salisbury, and tin-
Hodgin brothers natives of this
place, J. M. having been raised in the
tobacco business, and (1. D. has been
for the pa.st half dozen years con-
nected with the First National bank
of Winston. This factorv is bv 15

feet the liirgcst of tlie Big Five, and
its output is a material assistance in
swelling the aggregate of the Twin
City tobacco transactions.

P.LACKBFRN, DALTON & CO.,
Mninif'-irtiiivrs of PIiiu; mid Twist.

Oi'ganized in 1S,S3, thisflrm ei'ecte<l
their large factory on Chen-y sti-eet —
one of the Big Five — a year latei-. It
is 50x1 1() feet, four stories, and with
the usual e(]ui{)ments. Samuel
I'lackburn is a Stokes county man,
.•ind was in manufactui-ing there
prior to coming to Winston five
yeai-s since. K. F. Dalton is also
from Stokes, and as his father wjis a
manufactui-ei-, he was raised in the
tobacco business. Buck Fllington,
of Rockingham, who has been a to-
l)aci'o salesman for a dozen years
past is the -Co." The brands of
this house are Coi-a .Moore. Come
Again. Ben Hill, I^ob ^'ance, and a
scoi-e of others. The firm em])loys
over 100 hands, and their aimual
l)ur<-hases of leaf is about a cpiai-tei-
oi a million ])oun(is.

BYNFM & COTTEN.
Plug and Twist Tolmccos.
The mendters of this firm — Tayloi-
liynum and Rod Cotten — are both
natives of Chatham county, and
were engaged in tobacco manufac-
turing at Hillsboro ])rioi- to remov-
ing to ^^'inston in 1S79. Five years .
later the firm erected the fine foui--
story bi-ick factory at the corn<'r of
Chei-ry and (5th sti-eets. This is
50x122. ])roi)erly equij)pe(l. and
about 100 l)usy workers here find
• ■mj)l()yment, turning out the usual
product of other houses with like
nund)ei- of hands. Mr. Bynum has
long made a special study of leaf
])urchases, and attends to that de-
I)ai"tment, while Mr. Cotten has the
snperintendency of the manufactory.
The demand ff)r their product has
been good, a ml la.st .sea son's manufac-
ture was dis})o.sed of sometime since.
The leading brands are Wachovia,

40

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

T. Bynum's Extra Fine Pounds, Sil-
ver Wave, Mary Lee, Red Man, Nash-
ville Chew, Smart Alex, and others.

S. A. OGBURN.
Plug find Twhst Tobacco.

One of the earliest tobacco manu-
facturers of this section was the ven-
erable Jas. E. Ogburn, father of the
above, who commenced, making-
plug about 1850, in a small way, at
the Ogburn homestead some four
miles out of Winston. In 1855 the
capacity of the works was increased,
and for five succeeding years the out-
put was ten to twenty thousand lbs.
annually. The raw material for this
being raised by the neighbors within
a radius of a few miles around.

After the war S. A. Ogburn, who
had formerly superintended his fath-
er's works, was for a year with Col.
J. W. Alspaugh, and in 1878 was
one of the firm of Ogburn, Hill & Co.
Subsequently retiring from this firm
and in 1885 opened up business at
the corner of 7tli and Old Town Sts.
He has employed about 60 hands
here, niaking an annual output of
over 60,000 pounds, but his trade
demands better accommodations and
Mr. O.is now building a brick factory
on 7th street near the R. R., which
will be 54x75 ft., four stories and
have a capacity of over a quarter of
a million pounds.

R. L. CANDLER & CO.,
Plug and Twist Tobaccos.
R. L. Candler is a native of Lynch-
burg, Va., and came to Winston in
1883. In 1885 Mr. S. B. Zigler
opened up a factory on 4^ street in a
brick structure which he had previ-
ously erected, 40x100 feet, and four
stories. Three years later Mr. Can-
dler came in as a partner, and subse-
quently succeeded to the entire busi-
ness, continuing the firm title as
above. When in full operation Mr.
Candler employs about 100 hands,
and uses in his manufactory about
40,000 pounds of leaf per month. The

favorite brands of this institution
are Bonny Jean, RebeO Boy, Red
Seal, Derby, Pansy Blossom, Carni-
val, Casino, Veto, Jubilee, and Blue
Stockings, which are sold to the
jobbing trade of the south. Mr.
Candler was one of the prime movers
in organizing the Twin t'ity club, and
is a young man of progressive
spirit.

H. SCALES & CO.,
Manufacturers of Plug.
Major Hamilton Scales was the first
tobaccfj manufacturer in Winston,
commencing his work in 1870 in a
carriage house on Liberty street, and
building his present establishment in
the centennial year. Prior to open-
ing up business in Winston Major
Scales had been making plug tobacco
in Stokes county for a few years,
having before the war been engaged
in the business in his native county —
Rockingham. With the present sea-
son T. J. and N. S. Wilson, Wins-
tonian tobacconists, have been
added to the firm, and will doubtless
give to it a new impetus. T. J. Wil-
son has for several vears past been
with N. D. Sullivan, while N. S. Wil-
son, as book-keeper at Farmer's
warehouse, has secured an intimate
knowledge of the weed. The promi-
nent brands are Alex Stevens, Bob
Toombs, Ida Bryan, Spanker, and
Rabbit Gum.

C. HAMLEN & SONS.
Plug and Smoking Tobaccos.
A native of Pearson county, N. C,
Mr. Hamlen began the manufacture
of tobacco at Roxboro in 1861), and
five years later moved to the Twin
City.' He built the largest factory of
Winston in 1874, and sulisequently
made considerable additions, but a
number of the factories of more re-
cent date have surpassed Mr. Ham-
lin in capacity, architecture and ele-
gance of equipments. In the spring
of 1887 his sons, M.S. and C. P. were
admitted as partners in the concern,

OF WIXSTOX-SALEM, N. (\

41

and have added the vigor of j'outh
to the experience of age in the firm . In
smoking brands the favorites are
Powhattan and Volunteer, while the
plug styles ai-e Pride of Carolina,
Acme, Belle of Winston, Sunny
South, and several others. The
liouse is one of the established enter-
prises of Winston, and well knoAvn in
•the southern tobacco trade.

J. A. BUTNER,
Plug, Twist and Smoking Tobnrco.
Dr. J. A. Butner established his
present business in 1S85, just in tlie
edge of Salem, but receives his busi-
ness mail at Winston. The building
is 50x116 feet, four stories, and has
a capacity for more than a quarter
million povmds of manufactured to-
bacco, but Mr. Butner finds it (]uite
as profitable to supply the demands
of his trade by purchasing from tlie
country factories when they are dis-
posed to sell at close ma rgins ; con-
sequently' he does quite an extensive
jobbing trade. Mr. B. is a native of
Salem, but residing in Indiana from
1858 to 1881, when he returned to
his native home.

W. T. GRAY & CO.,
(inmulated Smoking Tobacco.
Capt. W. T. Gray and Watt Mar-
tin, his partner, are both natives of
Winston, Mr. Martin being the trav-
eling salesman, and Capt. Gray the
managing partner at the factory.
The manufacture of smoking goods
requires but few empl(\vees, and this
firm, with less than 15 hands on an
average will probably turn out
75,000 pounds of the favorite
brands. Off duty is put np in at-
tractive style— 3 oz. red and blue
pouches — and Gray's Winston is made
from selected leaf of rich bright col-
or, with strict regard to cleanliness
and uniformity. A new style for eith-
er smoking or chewing is made from
cut plug and known as square knot.
Tlie raw supplies are all secured in
this city, and with a building 10x70.

of f(jur floors, W. T. Gray & Co. have
one of the best exclusive smoking to-
bacco factories here.

S. BYERLY & SOX.

Smoking Tobaccos and Groceries.

This firm staited in the Grocery
trade of North Liberty street, Win-
ston, some ten years ago, and foui*
years since began the manufactui-e of
smoking tobacco. They give employ-
Tuent to about ten hands, and many
thousand pounds of their Eagle brand
smoking have been sold throughout
(Jeorgia, South Carolina and other
Southern States. More rec(Mitly it is
gaining a wide reputation in Pennsyl-
vania. The firm, although not claim-
ing to be classed among our largest
nuinufa(turei"s, has an honorable
record and is increasing its trad&
from year to year, in both the mer-
chandise and manufacturing depart-
ments.

T. F. LEAK.
Manufacturer of Smoking Tobacco.

T. F. Leak was raised in the tobac-
co trade, his father having been a
manufacturer in Stokes county. Mr.
Leak started the first smoking to-
bacco business in Winston, seventeen
years ago, and still continues as a
manufacturer, having in the mean-
time sent out many thousand pounds
of his goods to dealers in the South.
His brands of Southern Belle and
Wide .Vwake are widely known among
smokers. Mr. Leak purchas(>s all his
stock in the Winston markets.

( IftAU F.VCTOUV.

L LEOPOLD'S

Winston Cigar Manufactory.
BoiMi in th(^ Enq)ire City, I. Leopold
was for ten years employed at the
cigar trade in New York before he
came to Winston. Five years ago he
engaged with V. (). Thompson cV: Co.,
as manager and superintendent, and
a year or two since, believing there
was a field for the business here, he
opened up cigar making on his own

42

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

account, and since the retirement of
his former employers has the entire
held to himself, 'in 1887, his first
year of manufacturing', the output
showed 532,000 cigars of which a half
million had been sold at the end of
the year, and the indications are that
the "trade of 1888 will double this
record. Mr. Leopold is full of enter-
prise, has equipped his factory with
modern cigar machinery, and em-
ploys about 20 hands. He occupies
every foot of space over the entire
length of the Winston Postoftice
building, and with his present rate of
increase will doubtless be compelled
to erect a large factory two or three
years hence. The men who are liberal
with printer's ink and furnisli reliable
goods to their customers, seldom fail
of success ; and one thing which speaks
highl}^ for this house is the fact that
a large majority of our local dealers
have found it to their interest to pat-
ronize him. Mr. Leopold has a good
trade over theCarolinasand is reach-
ing out for business into Georgia,
Alabama, Tennessee and Florida.
His standard 1 0 cent goods are Henry
Clay, John C. Calhoun and Iron
Prince. In 5 cent brands, Leopold's
Havanas take the lead, while Twin-
City, Maggie Brown, Our Chum, Pine
Logs, Zebra, North State Belle, Leo-
pold's Ponies and a score of other
brands are made. Success to the
Winston Cigar Manufactory.

LEAF AND STEM DEALERS.

M. N. WILLIAMSON,
Leaf Tobacco and Stem Broker.
The standard market value of to-
bacco in Winston is largely main-
tained by our leaf dealers, and their
regular attendance at the market
Avith the manufacturers creates a
steady and permanent demand for
all grades of goods. M. N. William-
son is a Virginian, 14 years in Win-
ston, and for ten years past in the
leaf tra de. His business made a rapid
increase and in 1881 he erected the
large factory on Old Town Street,

40x90, four stories. This is fitted
with the Triumph Summer heat sys-
tem, which plan retains the flavor
and toughness, and Mr. W. has a
large number of customers in the
Northwest who recognize the supe-
riority of North Carolina tobacco for
flavor, color, and chewing qualities.
The average annual output is a mil-
lion pounds, nearly half of which is
shipped to Europe. Employment is
given to 20 or 30 hands, and this
is entitled to rank among our largest
leaf tobacco firms.

J. B. MOSELEY,
Tobacco Leaf Dealer.
J. B. Moseley is a Virginian, and
was for some years engaged in the
tobacco business in Danville. He is
an expert buyer, and when the mark-
ets are low is ready to purchase, re-
cure, sort and hold the goods until
the manufacturers or distant custom-
ers need the product at an advanced
figure. Mr. Moselej' has been doing-
business in a rented house on 4)^ St.,
but is now adding to his capacity as
well as to the architectural beauty of
our city by erecting a four story brick
40x90 on Cherry street, fronting the
Big Five factories . Every perm anent
addition to the Winston manufacto-
ries is deserving of recognition, and
Mr. Moseley will doubtless receive a
just business reward for his enterprise.

A. A. SMITH & CO.,
Leaf Tobacco Dealers.
A. A. Smith is a native of Lynch-
burg, Va., and came to Winston
about a dozen years since. He en-
gaged in the tobacco leaf trade, and
was subsequently a partner with M.
N. Williamson, as one of the firm of
Williamson and Smith. Later Mr.
Smith engaged with R. J. Reynolds,
our well known tobacco manuftictur-
er, in his present enterprise, making
the firm name of A. A. Smith & Co.
The Butner factory is used by the
new firm for storage and prizing-
rooms, and this leaf house does a fair

OF WIXSTOX-SAT.EM, N. C

48

slinre oftrade in that line. Thesjx'-
cialty of the firm is N. C. brifrht nia-
liogany wrappers, which from their
tine texture and rich body, are eager-
ly sought for by western and north-
ern dealers.

M. w. norflep:t & sox..

Dealers in Tobacco Lent'.

M. W. Norfieet has lorseveralyears
past operated as a leaf dealer, and
three years since accepted as a jtart-
ner in that department his son, Jas.
K. The firm have a brick factory
•'i5x80 feet, with four floors, on ord
street, and have a capacity for hand-
ling a million pounds of leaf annually,
which is principally sold to the ex-
port trade.

COLEMAN BROTHERS.
Leaf Dealers and Brokers.

The Coleman Brothers are fi-om
Hali ax county, Va., and came to
Winston in Xov., 1884 to engage in
the tobacco trad(". Their principal
purchases are of such colors or grades
as are used least in the AVinston
manufactories, thus assisting in giv-
ing a staple value to such kinds of
tobacco as would be dull in this
market.

B. J. SHEPPARl) c'c CO.,
Lt^af Tobacco Dealers.

B. J. Sheppard is a native of Rich-
mond, Va., and in the tobacco busi-
ness continuously since the war, hav-
ing been in AVinston for the ])ast doz-
en A^ears. In 188'3 he built the large
factory at the corner of 4th and
Chestnut streets, 5()x9() and four
stories, which is fitted with all the
steam drying attachments.
EDAfUNDS & GILMER.
Tobacco Leaf Dealers.

E. C. Edmunds of Halifax county,
A^a., came to AVinston some 5 years
ago to engage in the leaf trade, and
a ctniple of years since associated
with himself Capt. Gilmer under the
ab(ive title. The firm occupy the
Shaffner factory in Salem as a leaf
house, getting their mail at \A'inston.

F. G. SCHAl'M,
liuvf'r for Marburg Bros., of Bnlto.,

Has been many years in the busi-
ness, and thoroughly understands
the values and grailes of leaf. He
first came to AVinston in 1875, was
sent to other maikets for a time,
but returned to tins city five years
ago, and makes heavy purchases for
the above hou.se.

There are one or two other leal
firms, and a score of "'pin hookers'"
who purchase, on speculation, from
the planters direct. So the tobacco
trade is well represented in all de-
|)artments.

AnjACENT F.\(^TOHlES.

REYXOLDS BROS..
Centcrville— Winston I'. ().

One mile Southeast from the Salem
I'ost-office, in the subni-b of Center-
ville is found tlie Reynolds Brothers
tobacco factory which was erected in
188:5. It is 4'oxl.",7 feet, two and
four .stories in height, having an ex-
tension of 40 feet for the boiler, en-
gine and box manufactory. The
Reynolds Brothers, C. A. and T. E..
are natives of Roi'kingham count}',
and have been in the tobacco busi-
ness for fifteen years. They employ
over 100 hands and the annual pro-
duct approximates 200,000 pounds.
The Reynolds Bros, are young men
of push and enterprise, have a fine
dairy farm adjoining the factory, and
a private water-works system con-
nected with the e><tal)lishment, which
furnishes pure .>;jtring water to all
parts of tlie factory. Hose attach-
ments for fii-»^ protection have been
made on every floor, and the estab-
lishment is thoroughly equipped
throughout for plug, twist and smok-
ing products. The leading brands
are, Reynolds I'rothers" Best, Fruit
of the Farm, Minnie Reynolds, Little
Pearl and (Jld Ratler. In smoking,
their leader is Top Notch. Careful
selection, good business tact and
persevering industry have brought a
large trade to the Reynolds Bros.

44

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

S. J. NISSEN,■
T^fl!Jg7ifoTy7J — Salem P. 0.
The name of Nissen is well known
in the Twin-City, an<l the suburb of
Waughtown with her thousand in-
dustrious inhabitants, almost owes
her existence to theA-aried-enterprises
of the Nissen Bros. S. J. Nissen was
formerly in the wagon business with
his brothers, but in iSSo built a to-
bacco factory, and has since been en-
gaged in the manufacture of plug and
smoking tobaccos. The Nissen fac-
tory does not yet rank among the
largest industries of this section, but
evrry care is taken to properly select
the grades and to give as close mar-
gins to customers as establishments
doing a lai'ger trade. The leading-
brands are S. & ^\ .. Buncoml»e. Slim
Jim, and in Smoking. Old Solid Com-
fort. Mr. Nissen should have the
hearty co-operation of Waughtown
people for continued success in this
enterprise, which gives employment
to many hands who are not versed in
mechanical arts.

SULLIVAN FACTORY.

WALKERTOWN, N. C.

There are a nun"iber of substantial
tobacco factories in this county, all
of which go to build up the inter'^sts
of the Twin-City, as most of them
pui'chase their supplies from our to-
bacco warehouses and spend a fair
share of their profits in the Twin-
City. One especially deserving men-
tion in these columns is that wliich is
in successful operation at Walker-
town, under the proprietorship of N.
I). Sullivan. Mr. S. is a native of
this county, has hud thirty years ex-
perience in handling tol»acco, and the
excellency of Sullivan's Best, and
Sullivan's Free and Easy plug has
acquired for it a wide reputation
among lovers of the wped. Mr. Sulli-
van commenced in an unpretentious
manner Ijut has added to his facili-
ties until he now has a well equipped
establishment and manufactures
about 150,000 pounds of high
grade tobaccos each year.

The county has several other fac-
tories and there are three or four
tobacco firms in Winston that are
omitted by request, or from other
reasons not necessary to explain.

RED ELEPHANT TOBACCO WORKS.

[See page ST.]

PUBLIC BENEFITS.
RAILROADS.

RICHMOND & DANVILLE LINE.

Fifty years ago the aggregate rail-
roads of America measured less than
250 miles and required about 1,000
employees. Ten years later it had
grown to 7,000 miles, 5,000 employ-
ees, and $200,000,000 of capital. To-
day there is more than 150,000 miles
of iron highway in the United States,
the year just past having shown a
construction record of 12,524: miles,
which is greater than any precedinji
12 months. Nearly a billion of 'lol-
lars is now invested in railroa 1 en-
terprises, and 750,000 hands ]< (juir-
ed for its operation. All other agen-
cies combined are overshadowed
when compared with what railroads
have done in the development of our
country, as every mile of road is
estimated to bring 20,000 acres of
land into feasible culture, raise its
value 100 per cent., and add im-
mensely to the wealth of the coun-
try through which it traverses.

OF WINSTON-SALEM.

45

The Noi-thwessterii North ('arolina
Raih'oad was built from Greensboro
to this phice in 1872, and first open-
ed Winston-Salem to the world. A
few years later it became a portion
of the R. & D. System which gave the
Twin-City direct communication with
the metropolitan cities of the east.

The Richmond and Danville Rail-
road comprises 2,400 miles of line in
operation, and the extension of the
road from here to Wilkesboro,is now-
being; vigorously i»ros(Muted, and we
hope will soon open communications
with the rich agricultural districts
which lie between here and the moun-
tains. The general offices of the S3^s-
tem are at Washington, D. f'., Geo.
S. Scott, President; E. B. Thomas,
(Jeneral Manager; and Jas. L. Tay-
lor, as General Passenger Agent. The
R. & D. is fully recognized as one of
the important railroad systems of
America.

WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH.

The W. U. Telegraph started here
in 1884 and the present manager of
the Winston officecame here with the
first of this year. .1. M. Pendleton is
a native of Virginia , began telegra i )hy
a dozen years ago jind thoroughly
understands the business. The office
is in the Gray block, is fitted with au-
tomatic protectors and has thi'ough
connections with Richmond, Wash-
ington, Raleigh, and Charlotte. This
is a money transfer office and its ca-
ble business is quite large, in conse-
(juence of the leaf dealers busin(\ss on
the continent.

HISTORY, HOTELS, ETC.

Doubtless the oldest hotel in this
section of country is the Salem Tav-
ern. The first Inn of the place was
burned in 1781, and two or three
years later the old brick portion of
the Salem Hotel was erected which,
although it has endured the ravages
of more than a hundred years is still
a substantial structure. Four yeai's
ago this property was pui-chased, as
a residence, bv Dr. Z. Swift, of Florida ,

who came here to secure for his daugh-
ters the advantages of the Academy.
AVe visited the loom whicli Piesident
Washington occupied wiiilc st<)i)i)ing
at this place in 1701. ami from which
he penned the following reply, June
1st, 1701, (the original of which is
still preserved in the archives of the
church here) in response to a letter of
welcome from the Moravian Brethren :

"To the Vnitt^d Brethren of Wach-
ovia,: — Gentlemen ;— I am greatly
indebted to your respectful and affec-
tionate expression of pei'sonal r<'gard
and I am not less (d)liged by the pa-
triotic sentimtMit ccmtained in your
address.

From a society Avhose governing
principles are industry and the love
of order, much may be expected to-
wards the im])r()vement and prosper-
ity of the country in whirli their set-
tlements are fornjed, and experience
authorizes the belief that much will
be obtained.

Thanking you with grateful sincer-
ity for your ja-ayers in my behalf, I
desire toassure you of my i>Hst wishes
for your soiial and individual happi-
ness, (i. Washington."

The Home.— Fiider th*^ hea<l of So-
cieties, etc-, we should have called at-
tention to the Salem Home for aged
and infii-med jx-opleand orj)han chil-
dren, which is supjiorti'il by charita-
ble ladies, organized in societies of
ten each and known as the King's
Daughters. A buildinghas been pui-
chased on Main Street, which is un-
dei- the supervision of a matron and
has accommodations for over MO oc-
cupants.

God's Acre.— The Moi-avian bury-
ing ground is known as God's Acre,
and is admirable from its simplicity.
The giaves are made in parallel
rows, which are intersected at inter-
vals l)y alleys that divide the plat
into blocks. Children are buried in
one a]»artment. sisters in another,
and men in a third. No mark of dis-
tinction in granite .-^plre or costly

46

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

sculptured rnarble is allowed, but a
simple marble block with inscription,
pl^Lced flat upon the head of each
grave. The oldest grave is marked
1770, and since then more than a
thousand others have been interred
side by side, all now covered by a
grassy lawn and shaded l>y cedars of
a century's growth. Odar Alley in
front of this sacred spot, is canopied
on both sides by the o'er-spreading
cedar spires, and is one of the hand-
somest and pleasantest walks in the
city.

The CWwefwj".— Crossing a ravine
to the eastward from the above, is
found among the original forest trees
the peoples' cemetery. This has a
number of handsome monuments,
and could be made an attractive spot,
but as yet has had little care be-
stowed upon its surroundings . Those
having the matter in charge would
do well to spend a little more towards
beautifying this sac-red spot.

The Mineral Spring, on Marshall
Street, produces a most excellent
chalybeate water and it is singular
that more persistent effort should
not have been taken to advertise this
a':'knowledged fountain of health-giv-
ing properties. A goo<l place for a
sanitarium and the right man should
take hold of the matter at once and
ei-ect a suitable building for the ap-
plication fjf natures remedies.

The Twin-City is lieMcient in the
matter of a first-class hotel. Every
progressive city that expects to suc-
<;ee(l and especiall\' in the South,
should have its tourist home, kept in
unexceptionable style, whei-e those
who can and will pay fancy rates, may
secure every needed comfort. A house
of that kind, in this place; with a
hundred rooms or more, could be
easily filled a large part of the year;
as the elevation, salubrity and
healthfulness would attract large
numbers if we had superli accommo-
dations.

Hotel Fountain and Merchants, the
two largest hotels of this place, are
under one management and have,
combined, more than 50 rooms. W.
R. Vickers, the lessee, is a native of
Durham and was for several years a
landlord at Reidsville. He is known
as the portly man of Winston, rais-
ing the scale beam above 350 pounds.
R. Harris, the Clerk, is popular with
the commercial travelers and the
guests in general.

Terry House is in thenewStarbuck.
Block, and is conducted by the affa-
ble Mrs. N. J. Terry. This house con-
tains only 16 rooms, but is constant-
ly filled with guests to its full capaci-
ty, as the rates given and the board
furnished seem to fully satisfy the re-
<]uirements of the boarders. Mrs.
Terry is attentive to the requirements
of her guests, has kept boarders in
AVinston for seven years, and is to be
congratulated on her success as a
landladv.

BUILDINGS AND OFFICIALS.

I.\TERN.\L REVEXrE.

A branch office of the Fifth Intennil
Revenue District is kept in the First
National Bank building, imder the
management of D. D. Shelton, with
Mrs. F. G. Hellen assistant. Notliing
but tobacco and cigar stamps is sold
.and yet the books show that the re-
ceipts for six months prior to Janu-
ary 1st, 1888, aggregated .f277.-
618.90, all handled and accounted
for by two persons, with a cost of
less than one per cent, to the Govern-
ment for collecting. This will also
give to our readers some idea of the
immense tax taken h-om the people
of the tobacco growing and manu-
fiicturing districts of North Carolina.
— this place alone sending more than
half a million dollars annually to the
IL S. Treasury.

COUNTY OFFICERS AND BUILDIXUS.

The Act forming Forsyth county
was passed in 1818 and the deed for

OF WL\ST()A-SALi:.M.

4:

^)V/i acres, at $256.25, was made by
Chas. F. Kluge on behalf of the Mo-
ravian church land department, to
Francis Fries, chairman of the board
of the county court, May 1 2,
1849. This plat covered only from
1st to 7th streets, between ('hni-ch
street on the east, and the parallel
of Old Town street on the west. The
county site was officially named Win-
ston by an Act of tli(^ Le^'islatui-t'
passed Jan. 15th, 1851.

Tlie court house was built in 1851 -2
and prior to this, court was held in
Concert Hall, Salem. Tiie old court
house and old jail cost about |1(),-
000 and served the ])in'posr' (juite
well at first, but the chanjivs of 'Mi
years have made an incalculable dif-
ference in tlie city and county, the
old court house is entirely inadetjuate
— a dis^Tace to the enterprise of the
the Twin-City — should be torn down
and replaced by an edifice that would
be commodious and an advertist^-
raent to the prog-i-e.ssive spirit of this
section of country.

The Present Jail wns built in 1885
at a cost of over .|!12,00() and is a
handsome, safe and commodious
structure. It has five iron cells, man-
ufoctured by the Hall Safe and Lock
<'o., of Cincinnati. These cells each
have five hammocks for j)risonei's
and a room on an upper floor has
been planned for as many more. J.
W. Bradford, of (iranville county,
formerly chief-of-police here, has been
jailor for a year or two past and has
.safely handled several hundi-.'d pi-is-
oners.

Slieriffs. — William Flint was elected
first Sheriff of Forsyth county. He
was succeeded by Mathias Marten. ..1
(i. Hill, Augustus Fogle and the pres-
ent iucund)ent. John Boyer is a na-
tive of the county and in agricultural
pursuits prior to his eleiition in 188/{
to the office of Sheriff. Mr. Boyer
was re-elected in '85 and has made a
satisfactory record. His dej)uty is
W. J. Cooper, of Salem, who was for
twenty years in the nulling- l)usine.ss.

Clerks of Court. — -lohnC. I'luiii was
a])pointed by .Judge Settle, the first
clerk of courts, an<l was succeeded I)y
.lohn Blackburn who held the oftict'
foi- a quarter of a century. C. S.
Hauser, the j)resent Clerk of tlie Su-
jierior Court, was born in this vicini-
ty, served a time as county commis-
sioner, four years ,as Register, and
has now been Clerk for a dozen years.
He is assisted by R. W. Xading, who
has recently graduated fi-oiii the
(jraded Schools.

A. J. Stafford was first County
Clerk and sei-ved many years under
the old form of government. Francis
Fries was flrst Clerk and Master of
the Court of Equity. Judge T. J.
Wilson was first County Solicitor,
and was succeeded by Col. Joseph
Masten.

Registers of Deeds. — F. C. Meinung
first officia,ted as Register of Deeds
and the office was sui).sequentlv held
by C. L. Rights, H. S. Belt,'N. S.
Cook, C. S. Hauser, J. H. White, Jr.,
and D. F. Mast. Capt. Mast is a na-
tive of Watauga county, and has
been 18 years in Winston. He was
admitted to the bar Jan. '08, served
as engrossing clerk of the \. C. Sen-
ate, 1870-1, eiu-olling clerk of the
(reneral Assembly "74-5. was \[ayor
of Winston during the C.^ntennial
year, and in Dec. 7(5 b-^cam^ Register
of Deeds, wliich office he continues to
hold. The Captain does an office
practice in law, giving special atten-
tion to the settlement of estates and
otlier matters cIo.sely allied to the
coui-t house offices. K. S. Lott, of
Salem, has officiated as D,'])uty Reg-
ister for several years.

By virtue of his office as Register,
Capt. Mast is Clerk of the lloard of
County Comiiussioners. A.F.Conrad,
of Vieiuia, Cliairman of the same; J.
W. Fi'ies, of Salem, and N. W. Sajjp,
of Kei-uersville. make up the boai-d.

County l^rensurers. — Geo. Linville.
Robert Linville and Wm. Barrow,
were County Trustees under the old
svstem of Count vgovernment. Robt.

48

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

Linville was the fli st County Treas-
urer elected bj' the people, and was
succeeded by C. J. Ogburn. who held
several terras, R. L. Cox, the
present incumbent is a native of For-
syth County, and was engaged in
farming prior to his election as coun-
ty treasurer in 1883. He was elected
again in '85 and is acceptably" serv-
ing the last year of his second term— -
his books having always been found
correct.

SALEM OFFICIALS, ETC.

i¥aj'OJ-.— Christian Fogle, father of
Augustus Fogle. the Mayor of Salem,
located "way out in the country,"
near the site "of the present Twin-City
depot, in 1814. The place is now in
Winston and the Mayor was born
here in 1820. Mr. Fogle learned cab-
inet making and before settling down
in life spent several years in going
with Avagons to the "far west," be-
yond the Mississippi. He was for 20
years Steward at the Academy, has
served Salem as Mayor 9 years before
this, was for 6 years count}" Sheriff,
and has made a long and honored
record in active life.

Other OfficiaLs.—'L. N. Clinard has
for over 20 years officiated as treas-
urer and clerk of the board. The
Board of Commissioners are H. E.
Fries, H. W. Shore, S. E. Butner, H.
S. Crist, H. Mclver, A.A.Spaugh and
A. C. Vogler. Policeman, Samuel
Ebert; Lamp Lighter, Romulus
Tesh.

WINSTON AND ITS OFFICIALS.

Incorporation. — By Act of the Leg-
islature, Winston was made an incor-
porated village in Feb. 1859. At
that time the bounds of the county
seat were extended from the old 51J:{
acres to reach 1278 ft. west from the
court house, and a sufficient distance
east to make the plat a half mile
Avide and northwai-d one-half mile
from the court house. Subsequently
the j)lat has been enlarged to \% mile
from east to west, south to Salem

boundary and northward one mile
from the court house.

Mayors.— y^'jn. Barrow was the first
Mayor alter the incorporation of
Winston, and as the town books up
to 1879 have been lost or destroyed
we have labored under considerable
difficulty to get the exact order of
succession, but we think the following-
is nearlv correct : P. A. AVilson, J. W.
Alspaugh, T. J. Wilson, H.K. Thom-
as, Jacob Tise, T. T. Best, J. W.
Alspaugh, D. P. Mast, Martin Gro-
gan, A. B. Gorrell, 1879-80-'81,
P. A. Wilson, '82, J. C. Buxton, '83-
'84, S. H. Smith, "85, T. J. Wilson,
"86, Chas. Buford, '87-'88. Chas.
Buford is a Virginian, and came to
Winston in 1875, as Agent of the R.
&: D. Railroad at this place, which
position he still fills acceptably.
Mayor Buford served out the unex-
pired tei'm of S. H. Smith, Avho re-
signed Avhen appointed as Postmas-
ter, was elected as Mayor in '87,
and re-elected to this honorable of-
fice a few weeks since.

Secretaries. — Those who have oflS-
ciated as Secretaries and Treasurers
during the past ten years are, G. W.
Hinshaw, Jas. H. Gray, J. H. Mas-
ten, R. B. Kerner, S. H. Hodgin, P.
A. Wilson, E. H. Wilson, the pres-
ent incumbent, who is a native
of Winston and son of Judge Wilson
and partner • in the Orinoco Ware-
house.

Town Commissioners. — The Com-
missioners of Winston are J. A. Gray,
P. N. Bailey, R. E. Dalton, Joel
Jacobs, J.M. Byerly, J. W. Alspaugh,
and E. H. Wilson.

Tax Collector and Constable.— J ,
C. Bessent, of Davie County, was
elected to the office of City Tax Col-
lector and Constable in 1882 and has
filled the office so acceptably as to
still hold his place. Lieutenant Bes-
sent is well informed about city mat-
ters in general, and the historian is
indebted to him for many valuable
historical facts.

OF WINSTOX-SALEM.

■19

Police Force. — J. A. Meroney is a
native of Davie County, and was on
the force a year or two before his
election as chief. This town being a
manufacturing phice has many traii-
sient negroes and reallj needs a hirg-
er force than'the present. A. Stewart
is from Rockingham County, and lias
now been on the force for four years.
N. D. Dowd}' is from Chatluim Coun-
ty, and several years in the servic(\
while J. P. Penry is from Davie Coun-
ty, and has done efficient Avork for a
year or two past. The Winston po-
licemen are prompt, brave and encM--
getic; but hardly sufficient for the
work on hand.

SiinitHvy Police. — N. "W. Nading, an
old resident of this place, has recent-
ly been appointed as sanitary police-
man, but we believe thegeneralhealtli
and good of the city would be en-
hanced by placing a competent med-
ical man in charge. No false econo-
my should prevent the best ])ossil)le
sanitation of a growing city, as its
future largely depends upon wise reg-
ulations in this respect.

PROFESSIONAL, ETC.
LE(;Ar> FR.VTKUMTV.

The Bar of Winston has evei- had.
and still retains a fail* shar(> oi able
lawyers. Judge D. H. Starbuck and
Col. Joseph Mast en, deceased, were
among the first in practice here. Hon.
T. J. Wilson was born in Stokes
county (now Forsyth) in 1815, ad-
mitted to the practice of law in "41
and in "47 erected the brick house di-
agonally across Main Street, from
the Orinoco Warehouse, which was
the first house built in the original
plat of Winston. The Judge was the
first attorney of this city and still
continues in the profession. He was
elected Judge in 1874, but from some
irregularity in the time of holding the
election, officiated on tlie 1 tench onl^'
six months. Judge Wilson lias been
Maj^or several times.

Hon. A. H. Sheppard practiced at

this bar Ix^ween his terms in Con-
gress. Col. J. AV. Alspaugh was ad-
mitted in 1857 and practiced for ten
years after the war.

WATSON & BUXTON,
Attorneys and Insurance Agents.
Hon. C. B. Watson is a native of
Forsyth county and after the usual
I)reparations, began the practice of
law in 1870. In 18,S() he was Senator
from the :{2(1 district of X.C. and has
made a i)rominent record both in
])ractice and in politics.

Hon. J. C. Buxton is a native of
Aslieville, graduated at Trinity Col-
lege, of Hartford, Conn., read law in
(Jeneva, N. Y. and was admitted to
])ractice in January, 1875. He was
Mayor of AVinsto'n in 1883-4, re-
signing on his last term to be elected
to the State Senate of whi"h body he
was an honored mend)er in '85. "Mr.
i{uxt(m was a delegate to the Nation-
al Convention at Chicago in 1884
and liis name has been ])rominently
mentioned as a candidate for Con-
gress at the coming election. The
firm of Watson & Buxton was form-
ed in 1885 and occu])ies rooms iji the
First National Bank liuilding. Be-
sides doing a large law praitice they
write insurance for tlie Royal, of Liv-
erpool, London and Lancaslure.
Pbenix and Orient, of Hartford: Fire
Association, of Phihideljiliia: (Jei-ma-
nia and Fnderwriters, of N. Y. The
Xorwich Fnion and (ieorgia Home.
In life insurance the old reliable Mu-
tual Life of Xew York is represented.

(iLEXX & GLEXX,

Fourth Street, Ojjp. Court House.

^^'. B. CJlenn, tlie senior partner of
the above firm, is a native of Yadkin
County, graduated from Princeton,
X. J., read law undei- Chief Justice
Pearson, and was adnntted to tlie
bar in 1872. He practiced in Yadkin
for a time, and was for many years a
partner in the firm of Watson &
Glenn. He was a member of the Leg-
islature in 1874, Democratic elector

50

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

in '76, and in "81 served again in the
General Assembly.

R. B. Glenn is from Rockingham
County, attended Davidson College,
the University of Virginia, subse-
quently read law under the instruc-
tions of Chief Justice Pearson, and
was admitted to practice ten years
ago. He was sent to the Legislature
from Stokes County in 1881, was
Democratic elector in '84, and Avas
Solicitor for the 9th Judicial district,
in 1886-'87. The alliance of Glenn
& Glenn was formed in 1885, and the
firm practices in all the adjacent
Courts.

ELLER & STAR BUCK,
Attorneys at Law.

Judge D. H. Starbuck practiced
law here from the time Winston was
made a county seat until his death a
year ago. A. H. Eller was born in
Wilkes county, reared in Ashe, re-
ceived the degree of A. B. from the N.
C. University in 1885, read law with
George N. Folk, of Caldwell county
and after his admittance in '86, en-
tered the office of Judge Starbuck.

H. R. Starbuck graduated from the
State University at Chapel Hill, in
'87, was admitted to practice within
the present year, and has recently
formed a partnership with Mr. Eller.
The new firm have the law library
which Judge Starbuck accumulated
during his long practice, and are just
arranging to make large additions.
The firm do a general insurance busi-
ness, representing the St. Paul Fire
& Marine, Washington and Connec-
ticut Mutual Life and other i-eliable
Companies. Special attention given
to collections, nogotiation of loans,
sale of land and management of es-
tates.

R. B. KERXER.

.1 ttoinpy—Bittiiifj^ Block.

Born in Kernersville, R. B. Kerner,

after the common schools, attended

the University at Chapel Hill, and

taught for four vears in the Salem

Boys' School prior to his majcjrity.
He then attended Dick & Dillard's law
school at Greensboro, was admitted
to the bar, and in '83 was appointed
as Solicitor for the Inferior Court,
officiating there until that Court was
abolished. Mr. Kerner, although a
young man, has been City Clerk and
Treasurer, and on both the Board of
City and School Commissioners. He
has a good library and convenient
office rooms in the Bitting block.

E. E. GRAY,
Attorney and Insurance Agent.
Eugene E. Gray is a native of Win-
ston, and was educated at Emory &
Henry College, Va. He attended
Judge Strong's law school, of Raleigh,
was admitted to the bar here in Jan.
1879, and has since continued to
practice in this place. Mr. Gray's
rooms are over Wachovia National
Bank, and in addition to a general
law and commercial practice he also
writes insurance. Mr. Gray has tak-
en special pains to accept none but
reliable Companies, and he represents
several leading ones in tnis and the
old country.

J. S. GROGAN.
One Boor South of Vaughn S: Pepper.

J. S. Grogan is a native of Rock-
ingham county, and came to Winston
in 1873. He took a literary course
at Bingham's School, attended Dick
& Dillard's law school at Greensboro,
was admitted to the bar here in '84,
and has since been in the practice of
law in Winston. His office is up
stairs, next door to Vaughn & Pep-
per's store, where he does a general
practice.

L. J. WILLIAMS,

Attorney and Counsellor.
Lewis J. Williams was born in Yad-
kin, and is a son of Xicliolas L. Wil-
liams, who was well known through-
out the State, and died a couple of
3'ears since, aged 86. His father. Col.
Jos. Willia nis, of Revolutionarv note.

OF VVIXSTOX-SA T.KM.

r.i

was one of the pioneers of ^^'estenl
N. C, settlin<2;at Panthei-Creek, prior
to the war with the mother country.
L. J. Williams who resided on the old
homestead, was burned out .Mareh
'85, and desiring- to secure better ed-
ucational advantages for his fannly,
moved to AVinston. He read law
with different members of the Bar of
this place, and was recently admitted
to practice, having office rooms in
the Bitting block.

E. A. GRIFFITH,
Over Clark & Ford's Store.

E. A." Griffith is a native of this
county, took a literary course at
Chapel Hill, was admitted to practice
Oct. '84:, and has since been in prac-
tice in Winston. Mr. Griffith tiives
spettial attention to the collection of
claims, and negotiates loans on good
security.

There are some other attorneys,
and a half dozen magistrates which
we have not had time to interview,
and we have no further space to de-
A'ote to leffal matters.

MEDICAL FRATEUNITV.

Salem has had a long and able list
of medical advisers. Dr. Schmnan,
and the senior Dr. Keehln ]>i-acticed
for many years, and two of its prom-
inent physicians, Drs. A. T. Zevelv
and T. F. Keehln, left the stage (if
action about a dozen years since.

Among the early names of Winston
phvsicians we find Drs. Fries, H. Sin-
gleton Belt, J. B. Britton,(J.K.(iray,
King, Westmoreland, Mot singer and
perhaps others for a short time.
Some fifteen years ago Dr. Preston
Koan located permanently in Wins-
ton and continued in active practice
until his death, Novend>er 8th. 1S.S2.

The medical fraternity as now-
made up in the Twin-City is a credit
to the profession and we are pleased
to say that they indorse wliat we
have to say on page 5 and elsewhere
regarding the healthfulness and salu-
brity of this sei'tion of counti-y.

.1 J'hy.sicians' Association of Win-
ston-Salem was organized some foiu'
years ago and is conducted in an in-
foi'Mial nmnner. The ]>lace of meet-
ing is changed each we^k, and mat-
ters of general interest to the profes-
sion are discussed. This, besides its
social feature, has a tendency to
cieate uniformity of action and good
will between the mendx^rs of the fra-
ternity composing the organization.

DR. J. F. SHAFFNER.

i'HVSKiA.N AND DHUCHJIST.

There is but one di-ug house in Sa-
lem and this, located on Main Street,
contains a large and well Jissorted
stock, kept by Dr. Schaffner, a native
of the place, who graduated from the
.leff'erson Medical College, of Phila-
delphia, in 1800. A year ortwo later
the Doctor was in the ConffMlerate
Army and in 'Go began practice in
Salem, shortly afterwards, jmrchas-
ing his pres<»nt drug stand which he
has now conducted for 20 years. The
house keeps drugs, paints, druggists
sundries, etc., and tlie Doct(^r spends
a portion of his time in practice. Dr.
Shaifner has been Mayor of Salem
and interested in manufacturing. In
that department we made a note of
his bone-mill and cotton gin which
have since burned, but the Doctor in-
forms us that he will rebuild the
structure on a larger scale.

DR. H, T. BAHNSON.

OFFICK AND HFSIDKNTE NEAIt AOAUEMV

Henry T. Bahnson was born in
Lancaster, Pa. brought here in child-
hood, graduated from the medical
<lepartment of the Cniversity of Pa.,
in 1<S()7, took a post graduate course
in (lermany and located in Salem
some twenty years ago, where he has
since been continuously in practice.
Dr. Uahnson has long been a inendjer
of the North Carolina State Medical
Society and at one time officiated as
its President. He is at present a
member of the State Board of Health

52

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

and his long pi'actice here has made
]iim well known throughout the city
and county.

DR. N. S. SIEWERS.

RESIDENCE NEAR PUBLIC SQUARE.

N. S. Siewers was born in Salem,
graduated from the medical depart-
ment of the University of Pennsylva-
nia in 1867, going from thence to the
continent where he continued his
studies for a couple of years in Berlin,
Prague and Vienna. He returned to
Salem in 1869 and located in the
town of his nativity, where he has
since continued to practice his pro-
fession with good success. Dr. Sie-
wers is a member of the State Medi-
cal Association, and has many friends
in Forsyth county.

DR. J. J. HILTON,

MAIN STREET, OPP. HUNTER's HALL.

J. J. Hilton has recently located in
Salem nearly opposite Hunter's hall,
and makes the fourth pliysician of
the old town. Dr. Hilton is a native
of Guilford county, graduated from
the University of Maryland, and has
been in practice at Hillsdale since
1882. He came to Winston in 1887
and has recently changed his office to
east side of Main street Salem, below
Hunter's block.

DR. R. F. GRAY,

OVER ASHCRAFT AND OWENS' STORE.

Robah F. Gray was the first male
child born in Winston after the coun-
ty was named, Mrs. G. L. Miller, (nee
White,) having been a few days his
senior. Dr. Graygraduated from the
Louisville Medical College in 1877,
and took a post graduate course
from Bellevue College in N. Y., locat-
ing in practice here ten years since.
Subsequently he spent a short time
in Danville, and returned again to
Winston. Dr. Gray belongs to the
State Medical Societies of this State
and Virginia, and for a year served
Winston as Health Officer at a nomi-
nal sum. In that year small pox

was brought here, and, by rigid quar-
antine was confined to a few cases in
one part of the city. Dr. Gray is a
public spirited citizen and a very ac-
tive practitioner.

DR. S. J. MONTAGUE.

OFFICE ON CHURCH STREET.

S. J. Montague is a native of Wake
County, attended a course of lectures,
at the University of Virginia, and
graduated ft-om the Bellevue Hospi-
tal Medical College in 1872. Dr. Mon-
tague practiced in his native county
and elsewhere before coming to Win-
ston in 1879, where he has since been
engaged in his professional duties.
He is a member of the State Medical
Association. A half dozen years ago
the doctor added to the architectural
beauty of Church street by erecting"
one of the finest residences in the eas-
tern part of the city.

DR. A. L. MOCK.

LIBERTY STREET, NEAR M. E. CHURCH.

A. L. Mock was born in Davidson
County, graduated from the Univers-
ity of Pennsylvania in 1857, and lo-
cated in Winston thirty years ago.
Shortly afterwards he moved to
Bethania, where he practiced for six
years, and subsequently spent twenty
years in practice at Clemmonsville,
his native town. In 1886 Dr. Mock
returned to Winston, and has his of-
fice and residence on Liberty street,
near the M. E. Church. Winston has
made a remarkable change since Dr.
Mock's former practice here in 1858.

DR. D. N. DALTON.

OVER brown's drug STORE.

D. N. Dalton is a native of Stokes
County, and graduated from the
University of N. Y. in 1881. He at-
tended the post graduate school of
N. Y., and subsequently practiced for
two years in his native county before
engaging in the profession here in
1884. Dr. Dalton is a member of the
State Medical Association. His of-

OF WINSTON-SALEM.

)3

flee is over Brown's drug store, and
his residence on Spruce between 4th
and 5th Streets.

DR. H. S. LOTT.

OFFICE IN GRAY BLOCK.

H. S. Lott is a native of this phice,
and graduated from the medical de-
partment of tlie University of (ia., at
Atlanta, in 1884. He pral-ticed there
for a time, and locating in Winston
a year since, has already gained a
fair share of friends and patients.
Dr. Lott has office rooms in the Gray
Block and resides on Cherry street
near First. He is a member of the N.
C. State Medical Association.

UEN'TISTUV.

Dentistry is compa rati vely a science
of modern date, and the great im-
portance of the teeth to health, com-
fort and beauty, is now very much
more ap])i'eciated than it was at the
beginning of the present century. It
is doubtless a fact, that in conse-
quence of plain dietand rough bread,
(which furnished more of the phos-
phates than our present system, of
bolting line flour), that the teeth of
our ancestors were, as a rule, much
less subject to decay than those of
the pres;>nt age. Be that as it may,
we should make the best of what we
have, anil preserve the natui-al teeth
intact as long as possible, for no ai--
tiflcial setcan be a perfect substitute.
The best rule fi)r]treservatioii, bi-iefly
given, is the rigid enforcement of ab-
solute cleanliness. Thoroughly rinse
out the nu)utli upon rising and re-
tiring, and every time after eating.
The quill pick, a good brush and
equal quantities Oi prepared chalk
and powdered orri.-! root are also
good adjuncts, b'ing careful to al-
ways reach every i)nrt of each tooth.
For tartar, irregularity, de;'ay or
other special conditions consult a
competent dentist. Do not neglect
the teeth till they ache, and always
have a tooth filled if it can be saved.
It is a good plan to have a dentist

examine the mouth once or twice
each year, as pronq)ttreatm<'nt saves
much troulile and expense.

DK. .1. A. BUM,

FOtHTH STREET, WINSTON,

Is a native of this place, gi-aduated
from the Philadelphia Dental ("ollegf
in 1870 and has since been ])racticing
his ])rofessi()n. He resides at the
corner of 4th and Spruce Streets and
is at present the oidy dentist in Win-
ston.

DH. J. W. HUNTER.

OFFICE HUNTER IJLOCK.

Born in this county. Dr. Hunter be-
gan dentistiy in]8.")l, having now
been 37 years continuously in prac-
tice, and his office shows that he
keeps squarely abreast of the times
in dental literature, etc. In 1874
Dr. Huntfn- purchased the hall and
store formerly erected by Messrs.
Hege, where he now holds "his office.
He operates for the Academy stu-
dents and spiMids a portion oi" each
day at that institution

DBS. WATKINS & CONRAD.

M.VIN STREET, S.VLEM.

C. .1. Watkins was boi-n in this
county, and has been in tlie dental
practice for 22 years. He graduated
at the Pennsylvania College of Dental
Surgery, ])racticed for several years
in Philadelphia , and has been in Salem
since 1874.

W. J. Conrad was also boi-n in For-
syth, graduated from the above
school in l87t), and has since oper-
ated in this county and Virginia.
He joined Dr. Watkins in practice
•Ian. 188(). The firm keep a supply
of dental goods, and both are mem-
bers of the State Dental Association.

DR. H. V. HORTON.

.NO. 1 , CITY KL.\.TS, SAEE.M.

H. V. Horton is a native of \\'ilkes-
boro. and graduated with high hon-
ors from the dental department of
th^ Universitv of Marvland. A\'heu

54

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

he came to the Twin City he coukl
find no suitable apartments in Win-
ston, and finally secured an elegant
suite of rooms in the City Flats of
Salem. The doctor contemplates
moving to Winston when the Wacho-
via Bank corner is completed, and as
there is no dentist in the business
portion of the city, and he has every
requisite for successful dentistry, we
think such a moTe Avould be appreci-
ated by the progressive people of the
place.

Photograph Artists
S. E. HOUGH.
Main Street, 0pp. Merchants Hotel.
E. K. Hough fitted up convenient
rooms for photography some years
since and a year ago sold his busi-
ness to his brother, S.E. Hough, who
is a native of N. Y., and has served
as an artist three years in the West
Indies and twelve years in New York
City. The rooms are well adapted to
the business, and pictures are finished
up in all styles of the art. A large
accumulation of negatives are on
hand.

H. A. LINEBACK,
Opposite Land Office, Salem.
Salem has but one photograph gal-
lery. H. A. Lineback is a native of
Salem, and after taking instructions
at several prominent galleries in Pen-
sylvania and Ohio, opened up the
photograph business in Salem in
1866, and two years later built his
present stand, where for twenty years
he has turned out acceptable work.
Pictures are finished in the desirable
styles, and frames are carried to
meet the demands of his customers.

Broker and Real Estate Agent.
H. MONTAGUE,
Broker and Real Estate Dealer,
Was born in Wake County, grad-
uated from Wake Forest College in
1880, and after two year's course at
Dick & Dillard's law school at Greens-
boro, was licensed to practice law in

October 1882. He settled at Wades-
boro where he practiced his chosen
profession about two years, dealing
extensively in negotiable paper and
real estate in the mean time. Owing
to a partial failure of vision he was
compelled to abandon the practice of
his profession, and in Jan. 1885 set-
tled in Winston, having since been
engaged successfully in the above oc-
cupation. He has a well arranged
business house in the center of the
city, and deals extensively in loans
and discounts, bonds, mortgages,
stocks, real estate, &c., and this
mention could have properly been
made under the head of banking.
He handles real estate on commission,
and by bi-inging the buyer and seller
together assists in keeping up the
standard values. The proprietor is
not only under a justified bond of
.f 10,000, l)ut gives as reference the
banks of Winston, and quite a num-
ber of bankers and other persons of
note throughout the State.

Gun & Locksmiths.

T. VOGLER-,

Gun and Locksmith.

Gun making was carried on by

Vogler and Foltz at an early day,

and Timothy Vogler, who was born

in the place, August 2nd, 1806, began

the trade with his father at 13 years

of age. He has worked at his present

stand near the lower end of Main

street for 55 years. Mr. V. although

for nearly 70 years at the gunsmith's

bench, has fair health, and attends to

business as occasion requires.

WM. DETTMAR,
Gun^smith, Main Street, Salem,

Is a native of German^', learned the
locksmith trade in the fatherland,
came to Salem in 1850 and engaged
with T. Vogler in the gunsmith busi-
ness, remaining with him 18 years,
when he started a shop further up
town. Eight years ago Mr. D. built
his present brick shop, where he does
evervthing in the gun-smith line.

OFWIXSTON-SALEM.

Miscellaneous Manufacturing.
[continued from pace 30.]

P. A. WILSON,

THIRD STREET,

Custom Clothier.
The description of manufocturing
interests would be inconi]ilete with-
out a notice of ( lotliiii<i- industries.
Hon. P. A. Wilson, Sr., is a native of
Rockingham Count}', and coinniencpd
tailoring in 1845. He has at differ-
ent times been engaged in other work,
but again returned to the business
in 1876. He does not keep goods in
stock, but has a large line of saniph^s
from which to select, and secures tlie
cloths promptly by express from tlip
Metropolitan cities. He gives em-
ployment to a half dozen hands, and
does prompt and elficit'iit work. Mr.
Wilson has served this place as Mayor
for several terms, was Deputy Intci--
nal Revenue Collector foi- two years,
and has twice been elected a m(Mnb(M-
of the Legislature.

R. D. J0HN80N,

MERCH.\XT T.VILOR.

Fourth Street, O])posite Court House.

Robert D. Johnson is a native of
this State, and after serving a long-
apprenticeship at the tailor's bench,
took instructions in New York for a
year at the cuttci-'s ti-ade, and was
engaged in merchant tailoring at
Wilson and Goldsboro for a dozen
years. prior to conung to this place.
Mr. Johnson's experience and excel-
lency of work soon brought to him a
large trade, and in 1880 he erected
his fine three story lirick building on
Fourth Street, opposite the Court
house. The upstairs is used for se-
cret societies, the secf)nd story for
offices and the lowei' floor for the
merchant tailoring business. Ten to
twelve hands are given em])l()ym<*nt
and a large amount of work turned
out. Customers who once secure jier-
fect fits and good workmanship do

not soon forget th(> ])lace, and .Mr. J.
sends his goods to iiiiiny distant
States. A large stock of foreign and
domestic cloths are kejit on hand,
and the class of work done is a creilit
to the pi'oprietor and the jjlace.

(!. A. HLICH.
Boot iiiid Shoe Mnker.
(i. AdoljjJms Reich, is a Salemite by
i)irth, and nearly 40 years ago began
his trade at the shoe-makei-'s bench
and continued in tlie trade till the
war. Later lie operated as cutter for
l)i-ominent tii-ms in this State, and
al.so in J'hiladeli)hia. In 1875 he en-
gaged with his brother as a ])artnei-
in tlie firm of H. C. Reich cV: Co., and
five years later, cm the dissolution of
tliat firm, moved his head(piarters to
liis present location near the lower
end of Main street, in Salem. Mr.
Reich is a good judge of leather, a
good workman, and has many cus-
tomers that have been using his work
for a dozen years or more.

IRVING BLUM,

Grocer, Tin nnd Cojtpersniith.
On the old Blum homestead, near
the north end of Winston, is found
the tin and copper works of Irving-
Blum, who was raised in this line of
trade, and has copper work sent for
rei)airs, to his shop, from long dis-
tances. A yea I- ago Mr. Blum started
a grocery business near by, and kee))s
a line of fancy and ])lain arti(-les in
that de})ai-tment of trade.

Win. H. Hull began candy making
in Salem 35 years ago, and excepting
a few montiis during the war has
been at it continuously since. He is
now turning his attention largely to
bees, having over 1)0 stands in his
apiary.

The S:ih>ui (irist Mill commenced
business in 1825. and continues to
grind both corn and wheat under the
proprietorship of C. P. Sides.

[continued on i'.V(;e 05.]

AN KPITOIvlK OK

AND

GENERAL INFORMATION.

IXTRODL"CT(JKY.
Ill order to make this pnmplilot of value t.<) every
iwr.son who nxieive.s it, we incorporate in this de-
partment many facts and dates wliich have recjuired
great lalK)r and expense to prejjare. These dates are
so valuable that no one c;in attbrd U> destroy them
and hence the Ixwk will be preserved with absolute
wirtiiinty whctlicr the reniaiuiiis jiages are ot in-
terest to the reader or not. This book will \>e con-
venient for reference and conUuninj; so many
interesting facts and dates will lie preserved in
the library for months and years, thus nuiking it
worth from a business standixjint, a circulation of
twenty tinu« as great a number of newspajK^rs.
THK WOULD IN A XUT SHKLL.

CIIHONOIyOOICAL DATES.

The liistory of the world up to the time of the del-
uge and for many ye^irs alterwurds is only to be
found in the l>rief narrative given In the" .sacred
writings, although the Chinese claim t.o have records
dating back to a period long before "Adam was
tK^n/"

T}IK IIEBRKVVS.

IVluge B. C. TinO: Abraham calle<l 1921; Joseph
in E-vpt, lT2'y, Birth ot .Afo.scs, 1.571; Hebrews left
Egypt", 1491; death of Mo.scs, ll.jl; Del lorah Judge of
Israel, V.i^'t; (Jidem slaughten'<l Midianites i;--l-">;
Jei)tha, Judge, 12.S.S; ICli, Judge, 12.'i{j; .Samp.son, 12:{7;
Siimuel, 1220; Saul King, IV.l'r. David King, ll.'j.j;
.Solomon King, 111.5; Temple dedicated 1101; Solo-
mon died l(»7."i; division ol Israel 1('.58; Elijah and
ElL-iha j)iMph(;ts, SSS; Jeru.salem taken by Jehoash
.S2(>; Ilexekiah and Isaiuli in Judah 726; Jeremiah
prophet G41; Jerusalem taken by Nebuchadnczz;ir,
(>0C; Jerusalem de.siroyed, 5HH.

EfjYIT.

Little or nothing is known of the history of Egypt
prior to the time of Josei)h. At that time however,
it was one of the most powertul nations of the world.
The dynasty of the Pharohs, B. C, 1300; Pyramids
built by Cheops, 10S2; Shishak ruler, 07.S, Judea
wmquered and the t<^mjile i>lunderwl by him 971;
Egyjit devastated liy Nebuchadnezzar, .572; end of
the hrst Egyptian monarchy .52.5 and for over 2iX)
years it was" in obscurity, but revived again by the
I^tolemys aUjut three trnturies l>efore Christ. CHeo
patra lived B. C. -15 wnd Egvpt wa.s again sutxlued B.
C. ;J0.

MACEDON

wa-s subdued by Darius, B. C. SOS; Philip II crowned

.>59; Alexander in Macfion S:i«; invadwl Persia :«4;
battle of Aralx'lu3:Jl; Alexander dieil at Babylon of
strong drink, agetl 32, B. C. 324.

GKKECK.

By valor and refinement, (irooce Uxuime the next
nation in importance. Troy was t^iken B.C. 11S4.
lonians settled in Asia 1(>4:"{; Homer the poet, wrote
alxiut 8SS; tirst Olympliian period from which the
Greeks reckon time, 770; 0)de of Draco (i24; Solon,
Athenian law-giver -594; fcjocratcs 429; war with
Macedon .'iS.s; Kepublic reestablished 297; Coi-inth
taken 14<J.

KOM ic,

founded by Romulus 7.53; Tari|uin the elder, (iKi;
Tanpiin the ]>rouil, .534: Brutus old; c:iiicinnatus dic-
tator 45i); great famine 440; invaded by the Cauls 391;
first Punic war 2<;5; se<'ond Punic war 2IS; third war
149; Carthane destroyed 140; Cicero t)3; C;e.<ar in-
vades Britian .55; dicUitor 4.5; CVesar a.ssxssinatx^l
44; Augustus emperor, 30. Chri.stian Era.— The
bloody Nero A. 1>., 54; Jerusalem destroyed hv
Titus 70 rebuilt 137; Persian war 2:51; jHTsecution of
Christians TM): Constantine emperor 323; Conncil at
Nice, when the books of the New 'l'estani',>nt were
voted in, 32.5; Boiuans driven from Spain 409; with-
drew from Britian 419; battle of Chalons 4.^1; <)<lo-
acer king of HtTuli; puts an end to the Koman
empire.

MKDE.S A PEKSIANS.

Darius, king B. C. 521; sec-ond Temple dcnlicated
51.5; Darius invades Greece 491; Art.:ixerxe.s I 4(i4;
Esther queen 4.56; Nehemiah rebuilds Jerusalem 1.5.5;
conquered and clalme<l b.> the macedons 4:r>.

EASTERN- EMPIRE, ETC.

A. D. 447, Attilla king of Huns exacts tribute
from Theodoslus II: ravaged by Persians .502; Justi-
nian code .52".); Midiameil preaching 612; Persians take
Syria lil4; the Hegira 022; Saracens In'siege Omstan-
tinoplc 673-9; tlieir second siege of C<instantinoi>l<'
718; Michael II. .^20: John Zimi.sct^ 969; Turks tiike
Jeru.salem 106.5; Crusaders take Antioch 109,s, and
Jerusalem 10:19, and Acre 1104; Venice in lier glory
1125; Latin emporers 1204; Empire recovered bv
Greeks 1261; Turkish Empire. Ossman I, 12<>9: Sup-
pression of Knights Templars 1311; general pes-
tilence 134.^; Empire excepting Constantinople taken
bv theT\irks i:J91: Union ot Denmark, Swwnlen and
N'orn-ay 1397; invention of jirin ting 14-10; C^mstanti-
nople captured by Turks and end of Empire 14.53;
Ferdinand and Isal>ella In Sjiaiu 1474; C<jlunibus
discovered America 1492.

Clo\-fs makes Paris his capital A. D. .507; Clovis II
king of Francv t>56: Cadwallader last king ot Briton.s
67S; Charles Martel duke of France 714; battle ol

58

VAT.X'AULE STATISTICS

Tours 732; Danes in Englaud 787; Charlemagne cin-
porer of the west SOO; Cliarles the Bald in France
841; Rollo the Norman 912; HuRh Capet 987; Henrv I
lO'.I; Pliilip I lOGO; tirst cnisade 1095; war with Ens-
land 1U98; Louis the Fat 11U8; Louis VII 11:^7; Philip
II 1780; Louis IX (St. Louis) 1226; Louis X lyU;
House of Valois lias; Charles V l;S64; Joan of Arc
enters Orleans 1428; France ridden of Euglisli 1451;
French take Milan 1491; Hugeuot war loOO; massa-
cre of St. Bartholomew 1572; House of Bourlion 1589;
t'ardinal Richelieu 1624; invasion of Holland 1672;
Louis XV 171-i; France aids America 1778; revolu-
tion 1790; republic 1792; Napoleon consul 1799; Em-
porer 1804; campaign in Russia 1812; fall of Na-
poleon 1815; conquest of Algiers 18:50; Louis Napol-
eon president, 1848; Napoleon III emperor 1852;
French in iMexico' 18615; war with Prussia 1870; Re-
public; Thiers president, 1871 Jules (irevy president
1879; occupation of Anam and trouble with China
188:5.

rr.^LY AND C0TEMl'Ol{.\KV.

Lombards take Italy A. I). 596; defeat Constans II
6 52; and comiuered bv Charlemagne 774; the Cru-
sAdes 1000 to 1,:5,K»; wars of (Jliarles V in Italy 1527;
cai)ture of Kome 1527; order of Jesuits founded
15:55; calendar remodeled l)y pope Gregory XII 1582;
Peter Great in llu.ssia 1689;' Frederick II "in Prussia
1740; Fn-ncli in Siiain 1808; Mo.scow burned 1812;
(ivr,"T ind.'iiiiident 1827; siege of Sebastopol 1854;
Victor i;in;niucl King of Italy 1861; revolution in
Spain 1868; Russia-Turkish war 1877; Humbert King
of Italy 1879; assassination of Alexander II of Ku.s-
.sia 18,si; Alxeander III crowned 1S8:5.

tiEKMANV.

Hou.se of Fi-ance 814; Henry I defeats the danes
9:54; war with the Saracens 107:3; Frederick I invades
Italy 1151; destroys Milan 1162; Hou.se of Hapsburg
1273; revolt of Swi.ss and. Wm. Tell 1307; House of
Luxemberg 1343; John Huss burned bv Sigismond
1415; llouscof Austria 14:58; Maximilian I 1493; ref-
ormation by Luther 1517; Maxinialian II 1564; bat-
tle of Pi-ague 11)20; Leopold I 1659; Hou.se of Lor-
raine 1 J 4"'.

Pl^US.SIA.

Takes Hanover 1801; war with France 1813; Ger-
man Confederation 1815; war with Denmark 1864,
and Austria 1806, invasion of France 1870, William
made emperor 1871 and died 1^88, succeded bv Fred-
erick March 13 1888.

AUSTRIA.

An empire 1800, war witli France isl:5. with Hun-
gary 1848, with France and Italy 1859, withdrawal
from the confederation 1870, international exhibi-
tion at Vienna 187:!, agreement with Germany on
Eastern question Ls80.

ENGLAND.

Anglo Saxon Kings 825, Egbert 828, Alfred the
great871, ravages of Scotland 933, Danish ivirigs
1016, Saxons restored 1041, English languauv origin-
ates from the Saxon, Dani.sh, British, Welsh, Nor-
nuin, Latin, I'rench and (ii-eek A. D. 1000 to 1500,
Noiiuan Dynasty 1066, con(iuestof Ireland 1171, con-
quest of Wales 1282, battle of Bannockburn 1314,
House of Lancaster 1399, war with France 1413,
House of York 1461, Ilimse of Tiulor 1485, battle of
Flodden 1513, Ann ISoleyn beheaded 15:56 and Marv
of Scotts 1587, lIou.se of Stuart 1603, Oliver Cromwell
li;49, Stuarts restored IGliO, great London lire 1666,
battle of the I5oyne 1690 House of Hanover 1714,
w;ir with Sj)ain 1739, with France 1756, war with
col(miesl7/5. Union with Ireland 1801, war with U.
S. 1812, battle of Waterloo 1815, Victoria crowned
<iueen 1837, Crimean war 1854, Atlantic cable laid
1866, Fenian trouble 1867, Zulu war 1879, famine in
Ireland 1880, war with Egvjit 18s2, (iladstone's bill
(u- relief of Ireland 1887. "

AMERICA, 0U2 HOME.

Discovered by Norsemen A I) 980, Iceland .settled
98(), Lief visited Newfoundland and Massachusetts
1001, discovered by Columbus 1492, Florida entered
by Ponce de Leon 1512, Balboa diseoveres the Pacific
1513, Cortez in INIexioo 1519, Pizarro in Peru 1-5:52,
DeSoto in Florida and Louisiana 1541, St. Augustine
founded 1565 Jamestown, Va., 1607, Quebec 1608,
New York 1614, Plymouth Rock 1620, Sweedes in
Delaware 1627, Maryland settled 16:54. Connecticut
11)35, New .Jersey and North Corolina 1664, South
Carolina 1670, Pennsylvania 1682, Georgia by Ogle-
thorpe 1733, New Hampshire 1741, (.Juel>ec taken
1759, Canada ceeded to Englaud by the Frenclt '61,
Revolutionary war '75 Declaration of Indei^en-
dence July 4th. l77.i; surrender of Cornwallis '81,
treaty of peace '83, eon.stitution adopted '87, Wash-
ington made president, '89, Louisiana ceeded to U.S.
18l13, war with England 1812, Florida ceeded '20,
Buenos Aj'res independent '16, Mexico '21, Texas
'36, annexed '45, war with Mexico '46, civil war '61,
Maximilian euii)eror '64, U. S. buys Alaska '67, war
in Cuba '71, («hili-Peru war '81, Mexico building
railroad '82.

ADDITION OF .STATES.

Vermont admitted 1791, Kentucky 1792, Tennessee'
1796, Ohio 1802, i-.ouisiana admitted '12, Indiana ad-
mitted '16, Mississippi '17 Illinois '18, Alabama '19,
JMaine '20, Missouri '21, Arkansas ':56, Michigan '37,
Texas annexed '45, Florida admitted '45, Iowa '46,
New Mexico and California purchased '48, Wiscon-
sin admitted '48, California '50, Minnesota '58, Ore-
gon '59, Kansas '61, West Virginia '63, Nevada '64,
Nebraska '67, Southern States re-admitted '68, Colo-
rado'7ii. With the exception of the years 1821 to
'36 the United States has never before in her history
of a century been so long without admitting a new
State. Dakota, Wyoming and Utah are knocking
for admission and with some le.gal technicalities re-
moved will probably soon 1)e within the fold.

INTERNAL AND FOREIGN.

Wayne's victory at Maumee 1794, Jay's treaty '95,
with France '97, Government removed from Phila-
deli)hia to' Washington, D. C, '99, trial of Aaron
Burr for Conspiracy 1807, Perry's victory Sept. 10,
'1:!, Washington burned '14, battle of New Orleans
'15, Missouri compromise '20, Lafayette's visit '24,
John Adams and Thomas Jetf'erson, 2d and third
l)residents died July 4 '26, protective taritt' bill
])assL'd '28, treaty with Turkey '30, Blackhawk war
':')2, Seminole war '35, financial crisis '37, veto of
bank bill '41, gold in California '48, Taylor died July
9th, '50, Kansas trouble '55, treaty with Japan '54,
Mormon insurrection, Drecl-Scot decision '57, John
Brown's insurrection '59, South Carolina seceded
Dec. 20 'GO, Miss., Ala., Fla., Ga., La., Tx., Va., Ark.,
Tenn. and North Carolina follow and Jeffer.son Da-
vis elected president of the Southern Confederacy'
'61, bombardment of Fort Sumter and battle of Bull
Run '61, Antietum, Ft. Donaldson, Pea Ridge, Shi-
loh, 3d Bull Run, Corinth, Frederick.sburg, '62,
Emancipation Proclamation Jan. 1, '63, battles of
Chancellorville, Vicksburg, Getty.sburg, '63, Wilder-
ness, Petersburg and. Sherman's ilarci\ to the Sea,
'64, battle of Five Forks, surrender of Lee, Johnson
and Kirby Smitli and end of war '65, impeachment
and aciiuittal of President Johnson '68, Fifteenth
Amendment 70, great iiro in Chicago '71, Modoc war
'73, Custer mas.sacre and Centennial Exposition '76,
great railroad riots '77, resumption of specie pay-
ment '79, treaty with China '81, general strike of
telegra]ih operators '83, World's Exposition New
Orleans '84-5, great flood of the Ohio Feb. '85,
earthquake at Charleston, '86, great railroad disaster
at Chatsworth, Illinois, over 100 persons killed '87.
Ex-Senator Conklin and Chief Justice Waitedied'88.

G E N ERA L r N F( ) R .M A T I O N

V.)

CANADA, 0U2 NOETHESN NEIGHBOE.

The govt'niUK'Ut of C'aiKula is siilijcct lo the Brit-
tish crown but is setui-iiKleiicinleiit, its liistoiy dat-
ing hack to the sixteentli century. Jac<|ues (.'artier;
a Kreucli sea captain planted lii's standard on the
shores of New Brunswielv in l."i:;4 and claimed it
for France. Later he di.scovored the river St. Law-
rence. General Wolfe's forces captured tiuelx'c in
17-")ii and the entire country was claimed for the
British. During the Uevolutionary .struggle for in-
dependence the ('anadian settlements reniaind true
to tlie king and alter and during the war many tor-
ies fled from the colonies to fjiper Canada," now
called Ontario, while the eastern province is known
as Quebec, or Lower Canada.

('anada ])roper coveis :i7i,ni)0 square miles and has
a po|udation of about :i,7.">i',i)0il inliabitants while the
remainder of the Brittish Possessions in Kortli
.inurica covers an area ten times as great and has
only about one-third as many inhabitants. In lS2ri
Ontario had a |)opulation of ir)>S,027: ''>'2, !).52,OU4 and
in 'S(> about two millions. The Canadian Paciiic
railroad now more than half eompletetl, will open to
settlement an immense trad of country and be the
fourth iron highway across the continent. The
Ckjntral Bacilic comi)leted in 18(iS having made the
first through connection from the Atlantic to the
Pacitic ocean. Canada projier is the most lerlile and
salubrious of the British .Vmeriean territory; even
the frigid regions of the Northwest Territory and
Manitoba are gaining in population. Winnepi'g the
capital city of the huhr country is rapidly rising to
prominence. The summer seasons allhougli short
are warm and the gr(]Wth ol vegetation marvelous.

MESIGO, OUS SOUTHEEIT BOSDEH.

The history of Jle.xico up to the time ot its cou-
(luest by Corten is almost unknown. When DeCor-
dova discovered the country in 1.517 he found the
Aztecs Nation in pos.session of the lancL The.se
people were far in advance of the aboriginals wlio
occupied the territory now behmging to the U !S.
They had a mouarchial government, cities aiul agri-
cultural lands, were ver.sed in astronomy and the
working of metals, jiottery, etc., yet liad nothing
but tradition as to their aucefstry or origin. .Some
writ^-rs consider them ot the highest type of Indian
civilization while others believe them to have de-
scended Ironi a diflerent source. Their habits and
numners make it reasonable to infer tliat tliey were
coutemiioraries with, and perhajis the same race
as the .Mimndliuilders of the Ohio Valley, whose
tumuli still remain as nu)uuiiients to their skill and
devotion. Montezuma was momirch of the Aztecs
when the country was taken by Fernando Cortez
lolil-21 and thenceforth for nearly :VH) years Me.\ico
was under Spanish rule. The revolution of isio by
the natives was a most bloody scene and resulted in
the destruction of thousands of lives. Don Augus-
tin Iturbide a native Mexican Spaniard ten years
later led a successful revolt and the Independence of
Mexico was established in 1S21. Since then the
government has had numerous changes l)ul is at
present essentially like the U. S. in form.

Mexico covers an area of 741 ,r)8i) square miles and
has a iKipulation of about ten millions of inhabit-
ants. Its table lauds are .salubrious and fertile and
with two through railroad lines from Texas, this
easy going republic will doubtless fall into the rapid
nutrch of enterprise and retinenient.

CUBA, 0U2 ISLAND NEISHBOE.

The greatest of Spain's colonial possesions was
discovered by Columbus in 14'.>2, and in loll Yela.s-
qnez conquered the natives. Havana was founded
l")i;>. Cuba has been UKU-e jirosperous since the ad-
vent of Las Cassas as governor-general in 17!»0 biit
has had numerous bickerings and revolts. A seri-
ous revolt occurred in lS(i8, which caused the sacri-
fice of oii,000 Cuban soldiers and cost the Spanish

governnu'ut more than twenty millions of dollars
to quell. It is still tributary "to Spain hut groans
under the yoke and longs forannexation to the U. S.,
from which it is separated by less than 100 miles of
ocean.

The limit of these i)ages will not permit of giving
detailed facts regarding Central and South America;
but our relations with the mother country are so
intimate that we shall appropriate some space to her
consideration next.

GEEAT BKITIAN, OUS KCTHEK O0UNTE7.
The history of (ireat Britian properly coniiuenees
with the comjuests of Ciesar B ('."),)." The Honiaii
rule lasted till 420 A I). The Scots, Hunns, Danes
and other tribes ravaged the country and internal
di.ssensions continued until the establishment ol the
Norman line A DloiKi. The first parliament was con-
vened in 121).") and thirty years later a .session of
commons was added, these being a concession wrung
from the Kings by the Barons. King Charles at-
temjjted to dispense with jjarliament, Vuit was over-
thrown by Oliver Cromwell in K.^.'i. Tlje Habeas
Corpus Act was pa.s.sed in I(i7!i on the return of the
Stuarts to the throne. The government isa constitu-
tional monarchy, the executive ])ower being vested
in the sovereign and the legislative in i)arliment.
The area of (ireat Britian including Ireland covers
121,.")7I S(|uare miles and has about :i(),(i(H),Ol/0 jieo-
])le. The entire British Possession covers an
area of 7,7SS,:;47 square miles and having a ])opula-
tcon of over :WO,'iou,(JUOof inhabitants, or about one-
fourth of humanity. Other European countries de-
serve a separate mention but we must refer the read-
er to more exhaustive history.

EIGHTEEN DECISIVE BATTLES
In thoWorld'2 History.

-Marathon liy MiltaoclesB C4'.K), Athenians— Per-
sians.

Syracuse by (Jlippus BC 414, Syracu.sans— Spartans.

.•Vrbela by Alexander B C '-iM, (J reeks — Persians.

Metaurus by Nero, B C 207, P.omans— Carthagin-
ians.

Winfeldlippe by Arminius A D 9, Germans-
Romans.

Chalons bv Aetius, 4.t1, Romans, etc — Hunns.

Tours by C'harles >rartel, 732, Franks— Saracens.

Hastings by William, lOiill, Normans— Anglo-
Saxons.

Orleans by Joan of Arc, I42!>, French— English.

Armada by Effingham, I.ISS, English and Dutch-
Spaniards.

Blenhein by Marll)orough, 1704, English and Aust.
— French and Bavarians.

Valmy by Kellerman, 17ii2, France— Allied Power.

Pultowa by Peter (Jreat 170!), Russia — Sweeden.

Saratogo by (iates, 1777, Americans -English.

Waterloo by Wellington and Blueher 181"), English
and Prussian — French.

Sedan '70, Pru.ssiati.s — French.

Seba.stopol '.")4-5, Eng, French Turks — Rns.<!ia.

Gettysburg by Meade, '(i:i, I'nion — Confederacy.

— '''Naines of places appear first, prominent gener-
al next, date, victorious army, defeated forces' last.
Population and Debt of Cities of tlie I'nitctl
States.

Name of Place. ^:^''"'"Vs.°n J^^n^ For each

Census l.^sO. l.vsQ. person.

Akron Ohio 1(;,.tI1 3 17,til'J S 1 06

Albanv New York...... 00,00:? 3,lH.s,.=ioO 34 o2

Allegluinv Pennsvl'na 78,681 1,.W(),429 20 29

Allentown do 18,0(;:i 430,443 23 83

Alexandria Virginia... VA,(<riA 1,037,088 7.5 92

Altoona Pennnsylvana 10,716 368,830 18 70

Atchi.son Kan.sas 1.5,106 449,687 29 76

Atlanta Georgia :M,398 2,1.><0,000 6.3 38

Aubuni New York 22,924 .530,000 13 .32

Augusta Georgia 23,023 1,961,319 IS 58

60

VALUABLE STATISTICS

Austin Texas 10,960 ion, 744 9 74

Baltimore ^Maryland... 3:52,190 27,a!>-2,(;yo Si dT,

Baiigur Maine 16,827 2,f;tn,(MXi lo8 llj

l-iiiv Citv .^lichigan 20,(593 4:^,100 20 9:5

Bii"ighauit/>n New York 17,:«5 2<»9,.")0<) 17 29

BltMjiuington Illinois... 17,184 221,46:! 12 as

Bostijii Mas.sachusetts..:io2,5:^ 28,244,017 77 90

Bi-ideeport Connectic't 29,14-5 .S'.l.OOO 28 51

Bnxiklvn New York....T(;6,r>M) ;W,040,(KKJ 07 13

ButtalJ New York 15,3,i;i7 8,211,9:W 52 m

Biu-liiigton Iowa 19,450 12.s,0ti2 6 r>8

Caiubrklge Ma.ss 52,740 3,403,72:! 64 5;^

C'aiiiileii New Jersey... 41,658 l,l(!4,'.t00 27 96

Charleston S Cwolina.. -:!9,<);« 4,129,11/2 82 58

Chattan(M.gaTennes.see 12,892 71,-5<3(; 5 oT,

Davenport' Iowa 21,8:^4 2<10,(;75 13 :n

Evan.sville Indiana 29,28<l none

Krie Pennsylvania 27,730 1,201,229 4:5 31

Einivra New York 20,5^11 270,400 13 17

Ea.st Saginaw Mich 19,010 611.055 :32 13

Fall River Ma.ss 49,006 3,169,7a5 64 68

(irand lUipids Mich 32,015 471,000 14 71

(ialveston Texa.s 22,25:3 1,023,249 45 97

Holxiken New Jersev.. 30,999 l,«i9.2.>0 :i5 46

Houston Texas "... 18,646 l,5(ll,.'-,;il St) 5:3

Indianapoli.s Indiana... 75,074 1,9]4,5(!0 2.5 50

Kansas Citv Miss<juri.. 55,813 1,:«9,224 Zi 'J9

Louisville Kentucky. ..12:5,645 4,842,935 39 16

Lewiston Maine U^l^KS l,o:l8,liri .54 :«

Milwaukee Wisconsin..ll5,578 2,l(;o,28'.t 18 09

MinneajKdis Minn 46,887 1,137,467 24 25

Meujpbis Tennessee 33,593 none

Manchester N II ;}2,6;30 929,000 28 19

Mobile Alabama 31,205 2,671, KK) Ni 91

New YorkN Y 1,206,590 109,425,414 i>i> 60

NewOrleans Louisiana 216,140

Norfolk Virginia 21,966 2,187,371 90 57

Newport Kentnckv 20,4:« '.mO.Ols 42 41

Nashville Tennes.se€... 43,461 1,606. 2(Xi :!(> 95

Oakland California ;34,5o<i (W;9,126 19 :»

Omaha Nebra.ska ;-50,518 227,578 7 45

Oswego New York 21,117 1,264,224 59 80

(tshkosh \\'iscon.sin 15,749 1:30,5<X) 8 28

Pitt.sburglVnnsylvanal56,:i81 14,l:34,2ix; 'M 37

I'rovid<>nc<_' Rhode Is. ..104, 8.50

Patterson New Jersey.. 50,887 l,:;-'^0,.=-^Ni 2r! 71

Portland Maine 83,810 4,:;:52,ir>4 128 13

Pe<ma Illinois 29,315 710,.5(«) 24 44

Petersburg Virginia... 21,G5»3 i,136,l(.Ki 52 46

Poughkeepsie NY' 20,207 1,939,1W-; '.)o i*

Presidents, Vlce-Presidente and Public Delrts.
Presidents, Viet^Pi'esidents, and a statement of the
I^iblic Debt, including accrued interest thereon
less cash in the Trea.sury on the 1st day of July,
ot each, year ccmnnled irom the published ReiwVt
Off the vSeicretarj- ivt the Trrasury.

Y'ear. President. Vice-President. Debt.

1789..Wasliington Adani.s i

1793..VVashingto!i Adams 80,:352,ti:34 04

]797..Adams Jelt'erson 82.064,479 3:5

1801..Jetferson Burr 83,0:38,050 80

l.s0.5...Tett'erson Clinton 82,312,150 50

lsn<,i..M:idison Clinton 57,023,192 00

isl:;.. Madison Gerrv 55,962,827 57

]8l7.,Monroe Tompkins 12:3,491,965 16

1S21.. Monroe Tompkins 8!),987,427 66

ls25..J.CJ.Adanis Calhoun 8:3,788,4:32 71

182;i..Jncks(m Calhoun 58,421,413 07

ls;ui...Ia(kson, VanBuren 7,001,698 8C3

18:37. .Vani5urcn Johnson 3:36,957 83

1841. .Harrison Tyler 5,2:50,875 54

1842..Tyler Wm.P.Mangum 13,594,480 73

1845,. Polk Dallas 15,ir25,:503 01

1849..Taylor Filmore 63,001,858 69

1850..Filniore King (■>3,452,773 55

18a:'..Pierc'e King 59,803,117 70

1857..Biichanan Breckenridge ... 28,699,831 85

1861..Lineoln Hamlin 90,580,873 72

1SG5.. Lincoln Johnson 2,680,647,869 74

l86(i..Johnson Foster 2,773,236,173 69

1869..(h-aut Colfax 2,489,002,480 58

18';:3..(;rant Wilson 2,147,818,713 57

1877..Haves Wheeler 2,060,158,223 26

18.Sl..Gariield Arthur 1,840,598,811 98

1882..Arthur Davis 1,688,914,460 72

lS8{i..Cleveland Hendrick.s l,417,15(i,S62 00

Brief Biography of Presidents.

George Washimjton, l«irn Ya. 17:32, die<l '99, Aid-
de-camj) to Braddock Indian campaign '55, chosen to
Colonial Congress '74, Commander-in-chief '75, pres-
ident '89-97.

Jr>hn. Adams, born Ma.ss. 1735, died 1826, first vice-
president and 2d president U.S. defeated Ijy Jeti'ersou
in 1800, one of tlie foundere of the Republic.

Thomas Jejfersvn, of Va. 1743, died 1826, in Colon-
ial C^mgress 1775, drafted Declai'ntion of Indepen-
dence '76, governor of Va., '79, minister at Paris '85,
See of btate '89, vice-president '96, president 1801-9.

James Madison of Va. born 1751, died 18:36, one of
the founders of the Federal piirty. Elected congi'ess
'89, sec. of State 1810, president 1809-17.

Jirmes Monroe, of Va. 1758, 1831, elected to con-
gress 178:3, governor of Va- 1799, Envoy to FYanee
i802, secretary of state '11, president '17-'25.

John Qubwy Adam^, of Mass., 1767, 1848, president
'2.5-'29, defeated by Jackson '28. elected to congress
':30. His oratory gained for him the title of "Old
Man Elofiuent."

Andrcir Jackson, of S. C. 1767, 1845, was rather illit-
erate, in congress ]7i>6, U. H. senate 1797, distinguish-
ed at the battle of New Orleans, president '15, '2i>-37.

Martin VanBnren, of N. Y. 1782, 1862, eJecte<l
state senator N. Y. 1803, state attorney-general '15,
VJ. S. senator '21; governor '28, secretary of state '19,
'29, vice-j)resident '33, president '37-'41.

WHJiani If. Harrison,oi Va. 1773, 1841, aid-de-camp
to (tcu. \V'ayne in Indian wiir, territorial governor
of Indiana i801-'13, defeated Indians at Tippexranoe
'11. elected to congress '16, senator '24, elected pre.si-
dent '40, and died one month after his inauguration.

John Tyler, of Va. 1790, 18G2, elected to congress
1816, governor of Va. '25, U. S. senator '27, vice-
president under Harrison and succeedetl him xVpril
4th '41.

James K. Pdk, of N. C. 1795, 1849, congressman
from Tenn. '25, governor 'Si), president '45 to '49.
During his term Texas wiis annexed and the war
with jilexlco prosecuted.

Zachury Taylor, of Va. 1784, 1850, .«erved in Semi-
nole and Blackhawk war, major-general in Mexican
war and won the battles of Keseca and Buena Vista,
inaugurated president '49 and died July 9th 18.50.

Millard Fillmore, of N. Y'. 1800, 1874, congress '32,
elected vice-president '48 and succeeded to tlie presi-
dency on the death ol Taylor.

Franklin PiJirce, of N. H. 1804, 1869, congress '32
senator '37, brigadier-general in Mexican war, elect-
ed president '52, opposed coercion of the south '63.

James Buehanan, of Pa. 1791, 1868, congre.ss '21,
minister to Russia '82, U. S. senator '34, secretary of
state 45, minister to England '53, president '57.

Abraham Lincoln, of Ky. 1809, elected to 111. legis-
lature '34, congress '46, defeattHl by Douglass for I'.
S. senator '54, elected president '00, re-elected '64
and a.ssa.ssinated April 14 '65 by John Wilkes Booth.

Andre-ic Johnson, N. C, 1808, 1875, congress from
Tenn. '43, governor '-53, U. S. senator '57, military
governor '62, elected vice-president '04, and succeW-
ed to the presidency on the a.ssa.ssination of Lincoln.
He was subsequently elected U. S. senator.

Ulysses S. Grant, of Ohio, 1822, 1885, served in

GENERAL INFORMATION

61

Mexico, colonel of 21st 111. vols, and brigudicr-gen-
eral 'IT2, commander-in-chief '04, pivsident 'G9-7T.

Riitht-rfifni B. Hiit/t-.i, of Conn. 1822, lirijra.lior-
geiicral Imm Ohio, ningrc.ss '«.'), question n.s to valid-
ity of eiectorial votes dcvide<i l>v si>eci!il commis-
sion 8 to 7 an<i Hayes inauguratwl '77.

Jamcji A. (;<irji<iil, of Ohio, 18:51, protlessor ot
Latin and (jrei'k at Hiram collcKC and choosen
jircsident of that institution '58, state senate 'o9,
col. 'HI, brigadier 't;2, congress '(52, U. S. senator '80,
jiresident '81, shot by (liteau Julv 2, '81, dieil Sept.
l!>th.

Che^stf-r A. Arthur, of Vt. 18:!1, 1886, N. Y. lawver,
collcetorof jiort of N. Y., '71, elected vice-president
'80 and succectled tii the |)resideney on the death of
(rartield.

Grmy-r n-rHomI, of N. .T., 18:i7, teacher In X. Y.
Wind Asylum, lawyer in Ikttl'alo, sheriir'8(l, nuivor
'81, eW'ted governor of N. Y. by 1!)2,000 majority
'81, pre^i<lent '8-1, if-nondnated '88.

Prominont Persraagea.

.J<niej)k AihlLwrh, 1072, 1719, English poet and nior-
a-iist, author ol "The Campaign," under secrt'taiy
1 4 stjite 170.').

Thmrnt.s B. Aldrkh, 1836, Am. jK)ct and noveli-st,
Prndenot" Palfry, etc.

Ethan Alltnt, 17-42, '89, commander in Revolution-
ary war, hero of Tieonderoga and Cn>\vn I'oint.

BfTiedict ArruM, 1740, 1801, American general ami
triritor, lator colonel in Britisii army.

John .J<w(jh A.stoT, of Heidelberg, (Jermnny, 1763,
1848, n>s<' rapidly to wealth in N. Y. merchandise.
Founded the Astor Library.

Francis Bitcon, 1561, 1626, English statesman, jur-
ist and pliilosopher. tiueen's oouusel at uge ol 2S,
s(Ji(Jtor-general 1()07.

Sir Snmvl Baker, 1821, English African explorer'
author gt>ographic4il and literary worlt.s.

Niithitiihl ]'. Banks, 1816, ,VmerI«in general mid
lioliticiari, congress '.52, governor of Mass. 3 t<.Tm.s.

BPTkj. I). Bmcmsfidd, 1804, 1880, English states-
man and novelist, cluuicellor of exchequer, prime
minLster '68.

P. T. O. Bcaurcijard, 1816, cf>nfederato genend at
Ft. yumter, IJull Kun and Shiloh.

rhos. 11. Benicn, 1782, 18.5^ of Hillslxnx), N. C
Electtxl to U. iS. senate irrjm Mo. 1820, and congress
'52.

Jamux <}. Blaine, of Pa. 1830, congress frfjm Maine
'(2, U. .S. .senator '77, se<'retary under (Jarlield, csm-
didate for presidency '84.

Daniel B(Mm<-, of Pa. 17:}.5, 1820, pioneer Ky., Ind.,
LU. and Mi.s.souri. Prominent Indian fighter.

,/ofin C. Brech'nrid/)!', of Ky. 1821, 1875, vi(T> jin^-s-
ident under Buchanan, candidate for i>resident '60,
L. S. Senator '61, resigned! and entered confedenite
siTvice as general and later secretary of war for the
cioifederacy.

Jiifin Bnnrn, of Conn. 1800, zealous alxilitionlst,
lieadwl negro insunx'tion at Harper's Ferry '59 and
was hange*! by Gov. Wise, of Va. the same year.

IhM Bunw,i, 1759, 179t), .S,'ot«hman and autJior of
uHiuy jiwrninent poems.

Aarrm Burr, 17.56, 1836, lawver and statesman,
vitx^-presidcnt under Jetlerson, killed Hamilton in
duel, was tried for tre;ison but ac<iuitte<l.

Benj. F. Buth-r, of N. H., 1818, lawyer, iwlitieian
.-iiMl general, military governor of New Orleans, '62,
congress from Mass. '66, governor '82.

Lm-il Byron, 1788, 1824, English jwet, espoused the
eeuse of Grek liberty and died in Greece.

Thw. (\irlyle, 1795, 1881, Scotch e^ayist, Idograph-
ei, liLstorian and mathematician.

MiimiH T. Ciiero, 11. C. 1C6. '43, Roman autlior,
statesiuan orator, exiled B.C. 58, but recalled. Kill-
e<l by -Vntony's soldiers.

Hfnnj Clay, of Va. 1777, 18.52, statesman and ora-
tor, r. ,s. senate 1806, signed treaty of Ghent '15,
candidate for president '32 and '44, prominently
conne<;ted with the compromise of 18,50.

S<tml. T. Coleridge, 1772, 1834, ICnglish poet and
critic, German linguist and wrote Lyrical liallads.

Ch-ri.sl<>]>hi'r Cnlumhiui, of (ienoa, Italy, 1436, 1500,
Siuknl from Palos Aug. 3, 1492, reached .San Salviulor
Oct.' 12 of that year and gave the natives the name
of Indians, dis<iiverid .larnaicaand Porto Rica WSA,
and .South America 1498.

Confvciiin, H. C. 551, -178, Chinese philospher, com-
menctxi prciuhing at 22, originatisl the "Golden
Rule" and tauglit that to Ik? polite ami do gcKxl to
humanity should l>e the chief end of man. Two-
thirds of the human race for 2,:!(K) years liave given
great cre<lence to the precepts which he enun(-iaiexl.

Cojtfrrticit.f, 1473, 1.543, (ierman astronomer, dis-
proved the Ptolenuiic theory and demonstrate<l that
the sun is the cenU.<r of the universe.

rim. Coirper, 1731, 1S(K), Englisli jKxt, trari-slated
Homer 178-1. His letters and jHWlry are highly euk)-
gize<l.

Chark'ji JR. IMrtrin, 1809, '82, English naturalist
and originated the theory ol "evolution," that all
forms of anLmal or vegeUiblc life progress in the
scjileof natural dcvscent hv the "survival ot the fit-
U.«t."

Jeffer.stm Dtirui, of Kv., 180S, L". .S. .senator Irom
Mi.ss., '47, inaugurated i)resident of the Conlwleracy
'61, imprisoned in Fortrc-s Monroe for 2 years after
the fall of Richmond, released on bail with Horace
Grcelev and other northeni men as sureties and later
tlK" indictment (luashed.

Daniel Ihjw, 1661, 1731, English novelist, in insur-
rection agaitist James II. Author of over 200 works.

.John li. Deh'aUi, 17:12, 17.S0, German general, lu--
w>mpaiiied I-;ifayette to Am. 1777 and kiileii at bat-
tle of Camden S. C. '80.

Uimiiixihinux, H. C. .'>.s5, :-!22, .\thenian orator, oji-
ik^imnI Philip of .^Iacedon against whom he delivcri^'d
his "Philippics." Oration on the crown his greatest ,
achievement. .Suieideti by p<ji.son.

CharUf. ])irken-i, 1812, '70, English novelist, for a
time reporter for the press, outhor of Nicholas Nich-
olby, David Coppertield, Oliver Twist and other
Iiromincnt jiroductions.

Su-phrn A. Ikm^Uis, of Vt., 1817, '81, statesman,
congress from Illinois, '4:?, senator '47, candidate for
presidency '.56, '60. Suj>j)orto<l Finleral war, '61.

Fridt^riik Ikiveila.s, of Md., 1817, greatest coloreil
.Vme.rican orator. .S>ld to a shipbuilder ':>2, csiiipe»l
to Ma.ss. and a.ssumixl the name of I><iuglas. Em-
pl<>ve<l as orator for the American Anti-slavery So-
dety '41.

I>njden, 1G:11, 1700, English jKK't, critic and dra-
matist, wTote 'iOde on Alexander's Fe^tst."

3fwe. Dndercnt, 1804, '76, French novelist, mar-
rieil at is, 10 vears later .sepanite<l, changttl from
!K>al<>us catholic to lilieralist, adopting man's attire
and denotincing the marriage system.

Thm/ws A. Kdi.ym, 1S47, -Vm. electrician and in-
ventor i>f improved telegraphy, telephone, electric
light, jihonograph, etc.

Geo. F. Fdmtind.-:, of Vt. 1S2.S, U. .S. senator 'tM5,
re-elecfe<l thre«" terms, and nresident of the .senate
under Arthur and after the death of Hendricks.

Ralph \V. Emerson, of Mass. 1803, '82, essayist,

62

VALUABLE STATISTICS

philosopher and poet, Unitarian minister '29, auth-
or ot "Kepreseutative Men."

Edward Everett, 1794, 1865, oiator and statesman,
Prof, of Greek at Harvard '55; congress '24, governor
of Mass. ' 00, minister to England '41, secretary of
state '52, senate '53,.

Henry Fielding, 1707, 1754, English novelist and
dramatist, lieutenant-general. "Tom Jones" his
greatest novel.

Benj. Franklin, of Mass. 1706, 1790, statesman and
philosopher, younge.st of 17 children, printer, estab-
lished Penna. Gazette, jnililished "Poor Kichard's
Almanac" 17:^5, drew electricity troni the clouds by
a kite '52, minister to I''ranco '7(i, governor of Penn.
'85, member of constitutional convention '87.

Robert Fulton, of Penn'a, 1765, 1815, engineer and
inventor of steam boat, invented sub-marine torpe-
do in Paris, discovered steam navigation 1801, assist-
ed by Robert Livingston, built steamer Clermont
ISOu, which ran regularly between New York and
Albany.

Galileo, 1564, 1642, Italian astronomer, adopted
copernicum theory and constructed telescope 1609,
discovered .Jupiter's moons and ascertained that the
"Milky Way" was composed of myriads of stars.

Edward Gibbon, 1737, 1794, English historian,
author of the "Decline and Fall of the Roman Em-
pire," He was liberal in his religious belief.

Olirrr GiihUmith, 1728, '74, Irish poet and author
of scw-rul iiniminent novels.

Jiijl liijiilil, <if Sandusky, Ohio, 1836, has become
prominent as a railway and telegraph owner and
manager.

Horace GreeU'n, of N. H. 1811, 1872, journalist,
founded N. Y. Tribune '41, was democratic candi-
date for president '72, defeated by Grant and died
shortly afterwards.

Gtitenberg, 1401 , 1468, German inventor of print-
ing and first publisher of the bible.

.-l/'-x. Hiiinilfoii, born in AVest Indies 1757; killed
in duel liy Aaron Burr, 1804, orator, state.sman and
general in revolutionary war.

Wade Hampton, of S. C. 1818, Confederate general,
governor of S. C. 1876, U. S. senator '78.

Winfield S. Hancock, 1824, 1886, major-general in
late war, proTuinent in Gettysburg fight, democratic
• candidate for presidency 1880.

Hannibal, B. C. 247, 183, Carthaginian general,
subdued the Spaniards, captured Saguntiim 219,
routed Roman army 216, defeated by Scipio Afri-
canus, 202, suicided by poison to escape being pris-
oner of the Romans.

Francis Bret Harte, of N. Y. 18.39, humoristic
writer; consul to a German port, '78, author of
"Heathen Chinee," etc.

Warren Hastings, 1732, 1818, British general and
statesman, governor-general of India, defeated Hy-
der Ali, king of My.sore,

Nathaniel Haivthorne, 1804, 1864, Am. author. Twice
told tales. Scarlet Letter, Blithedale Romances, etc.

Robert Y. Hayne, 1791, 1840, Am. orator and states-
man, opponent of Webster in discussion of constitu-
tion, governor of S. C. 1832.
' ^ Palrid Hriirt/, 1736, 1799, Am. patriot and orator,
in ciiiitiih iit:il I'oiigress, governor of Virginia.

Olinr Wnnhll. Hobne.1, 1809, Am. physician, auth-
or and poet. The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table,
Elsie Venner, etc.

Homer, B. C. 1000, Greek poet, regarded as one of
the greatest. Supposed to have been blind and
poor. The Iliad and Odyssey arc prominent text
books.

Horace, B. C. H)r^, Latin poet, Odes, Ei)ist'es and
Satires.

Samuel Houston, 1793, 1863, Am. general and states-
man, governor of Tennessee '27, commander of Texius
forces in revolt against Mexico, eajjtured Santa An-
na '36, and elected president of Texas. U. S. sena-
tor and governor of Texas.

Wash ington Iri'ing, of New York, 1783, 1859, auth-
or Knickerbocker's History of N. Y. secretary of
legation at London '29, minister to Spain '42,
'Bracebridge Hall,' 'Conquest of Grenada,' etc. are
among his works.

Stonewall Jackson, of Va. 1824, Confederate gener-
al, defeated Banks at Cedar Mountain and captured
10,000 prisoners at Harper's Ferry '62, having recon-
noitered with aids beyond his lines near Chancellor-
ville he was taken for the approaching enemy and
killed by his own troops.

Ben Johnson, 1574, 1637, English poet and dramat-
ist, .served as a mason, soldier, actor, author of 'Every
Man in his humor,' 'Alchemist,' etc. Poet Laureate
by James I.

Elisha Kent Kane, 1820, '57, Am. Artie explorer.

LaFarjette, 1757, 1834, French general and patriot,
aided America 1777, wounded at Brandy wine, com-
mander of French Nat. Guard, 1789, revisited Am.
1824 and prominent in French Revolution '30.

James Lawrence, 1781, 1813, Am. naval hero, com-,
manded the Chesapeake, and killed by British frig-
ate Shannon off Boston, exclaiming while dying
"Don't give up the ship."

Robert E. Lee, of Va., 1806, '70, chief engineer of
Scott's army in Mexico, commander in chief of the
Confederate forces. Surrendered at Appomattox
April 9, '65.

Henry W. Longfellmc, of Maine, 1807, '82 poet,
prof, of modern languages at Bowdoin '29, at Har-
vard '36, Hyperion, Hiawatha, Miles Standish, eto. ,
among his works.

Iijnatus de Ijjyola, 1491, 1506, Spanish founder of
the Jesuits.

Martin Luther, of Eisleben, Gennany, 1483, 1.546,
protestant reformer, prie-st 1507, prof, of philosophy
at Wittenberg 'OS, denounced sale of indulgences '17,
translated new testament '22 and old testament '34.

Thos. B. 3IcCauley, 1800; '.59, English historian;
critic, and essayist.

Geo. B. 3IcClellan, of Pa., 1826, '85, served in
jNlexican war, engineer 111. Cen. R. R. '57, command-
ed federal forces '61, democratic candidate for presi-
dency '64, afterwards governor of N. J.

Michael Angela, 1474, 1.563, greatest Italian painter,
poet, sculptor, architect of St. Peters church at
Rome.

John Milton, 1608, '74, greatest English poet, blind
'34, completed 'Paradise Lost' '55.

Mahomet, A D. 509, founder of the Moslem relig-
ion and author of the Koran.

Sir Thomas Moore, 14S0, 1535, English statesman,
philosopher, parliment 1504, author of Utopia '16.

Samuel F. B. Morse, 1791, 1872, Am. inventor of
telegraph, constructed first line '44, Washington to
Baltimore.

Horatio V. Nelson, 1758, 1805, greatest English na-
val commander, killed at Trafalgar where his fleet
defeated French and Spanish.

Sir Isaac Newton, 1642, 1727, Engli.sh philosopher
and mathematician, discovered gravitation '67, auth-
or of 'Principia.'

Michael Ney, 1750, 1815, French marshal, was call-
ed 'bravest of the brave,' had live horses killed un-
der him at battle of AV^aterloo, was captured after-
wards and executed for treason.

GENKRAT. INFORMATION

fi;^

WllHani put, IToi-l, ISOU, English statcsiiKiii and
orator, iiarlaineiit 17S0, prime minister ',s;i.

ThoiiKia I'ainr, 17:i7, ISOii, patriotieal writer and
free-tli inker, author of 'Tlie Crisis; 'Age of Reason,'
etc.

Porahon/ax, l.iir>, ir.lT, daui^litcr of Chief I'owliat-
an and saved life of Captain Jolm ^>niitli, married
English gentleman Eolfe.

Isriifl Putnam, 171S, '1)0, Am. revolutionary gen-
eral, prominent at Bunker Hill.

Pythaiionix, R C (JOO, .")1(), (ireek philosopher,
taught the doctrine of transmigration of souls.

John Randolph, of Va., 177.'!, l.s:5o, politician anil
orator, congress 17!)!), senate 18^4, minister to Ilns-
sia ':?0.

Peyton Randolph, of Va., 172:i, 177.5, president of
the first American congress.

Ji'dn Jiiijiifx Rousseau, 1712, '7S, French philoso-
pher and writer.

Johatuie Schiller, 17.59, 1S0.5, most popular of (Jer-
inan poets.

Sir ]VaUer Seat/, 111\,1S:',2, .Scottish novelist and
poet.

Wm. 71. Seuard, 1801, '72, secretary of state '01-!',
nearly assassinated the same night that Lincoln was
shot.

Horatio Seymour, 1811, '8G, governor of N. Y. 'iS'l,
reelected '(Vi, democratic presidential candidate '('>8.
William Shakespeare, \'>M, l(il(>, greatest English
dramatist and famous author.

Philip H. Sheridan, 18:il, general in Federal army
and commander-in-chief, '83.

Henry W. Shaw, (Josh Billings) 1818, '8"), Ameri-
can humorist.

John Sherman, 1823, Secretary of treasury 1877-81,
resumed specie payment.

Win. 2'. Sherman, 1820, Am. general, made the
celebrated 'ifarch to tlie Sea.' General of army 'I'lii.
Cai>t. John Smith, 1.579, 1G31, English explorer,
founder of Va. first circumnavigator of the globe.

Charles H. Spnrgeon, 1834, English pulpit orator
and evangelist.

Alet. If. Stevens, of Ga. 1812, 'S3, statesman, con-
gress '43, vice-president of the confederacy author
of history U. S. and War between the States.

Thos. D. Talinaije, ls32, noted preacher in New-
York city.

Samuel J. Tilden, 1814, 'CM, governor of N. Y.,
democratic candidate for president 1x71!, had popu-
lar majority of a (|uarter million, and was given by
the 'elector'ial commission' 184 of the 3(;!) electoral
votes.

'.So*'*' Tweed, 1823, '78, politician, mayor of New
York, and embezzler.

Matthew Vassar, 1792, 1808; founder of Vassar col-
lege.

Voltaire, 1694, 1778, French author poet, dramatist,
historian, philosopher and skeptic.

James Ul7«, 1736, 1819, Scottish engineer and in"
veutor, improved and completed steam engine.

Noah Webster, 17.58, 1843, spent most of his life as
a lexicographer.

Daniel Webster of N H, 1782, 18.52, lawyer, orator,

talesman, congres.s 1812, senate '28, secretary ol

ate, candidate for i)residenl '34.

Arthur W. Wellingtm 1769, 1.8,52, Brittish general

and statesman, parliament 180.5, sec of Ireland '07,

defeated Napoleon at Waterloo '1.5.

John G. WhittinroiUass, 1807, poet and author of
famous ballads.

Wm. Wadsu-orlh,\"n, 18.50, English jmct.
ririrh Zwimjle, 14.84, 1.531, Swi.ss reformer, killed in
Irattle.

.STANDING AKMIKS.

Italy has an army of 214,000 and 2,47-5,000 trained
men available. France keeps under arms 50o,00()
men, one-fourth cavalry, has ls.5o lield guns and lOo
fortress batteries, (ic^inany's land forces are 4r)8,-
OOit and she can muster about four times that num-
ber.— .Vustria's standing armv numbers 2s9,000. —
The English army 131,000, aild in Brittish India
189,000. Its navy' is 700 shii>s— The Ilussian Em-
pire keeps standing 974,000 and and can muster in
war time over 2,00o,il(l0— The Turkish standing army
has 3.50,000 men— China has 300,(ioo soldiers. Our
form of government makes it praetical)lc to main-
tain peace with a very small force and we tind the
U S with only about 25,000 regular soldiers.

THK CIVIL WAR.

During the civil war from first to la.st 2,600,000
men were mustered in bv the U. .S. There were on
dutv Jan l.st, '(;i 14,61)3 I'nion soldiers, July '61 183,-
.588," Jan 'i'>2, .527;201, Jan '63 6!)8,S()-2, .Tan '64 611,2.50,
Jan '6.5, 62 i,!»24,May '6.5. 7!I7,S()7 and about one mil-
lion on the muster rolls at the close of the war.
Many <)r the Union soldiers were mustered in for
short periods and none for a longer tinu' than three
years without re-enlistment.

The Confederate troops were mostly engaged dur-
ing the war and at the close their armv numbered
but little over 1.50,000 although 6imi,(ip0 bad been on
the muster rolls. The loss Ironi battle on both sides
was about 200,000 and from wounds, disease and sub-
seiiuent deaths together with those totally disabled
foots uji nearly four times as many, thus making a
sacrifice of nearly a million men and over eight bil-
lions of property, in one of the most remarkable
civil wars the world ha.sever known.

MA.SON AXIJ DI.\0N'.S LINE.

.\ name given to the southern boundary line of
the Free State of Pennsylvania which formerly sep-
erated it troiu the Slave States of Maryland and
Virginia. It was run — with the excejition of about
twenty-two miles— by Charles Mason and Jeremiah
Dixon, two English mathematicians and surveyors,
between Nov. 1,5, 1763, and Dec. 26, 1767. During
the excited debate in Confrre.ss, in 1.S20, on the ques-
tion of excluding slavery from Missouri, the eccen-
tric John Randolph of Uoanoke made great use of
this i)hra.se, which was caught up and re-echoed by
every ncwspai)er in the land, and thus gained a ce-
lebrity which it still retains.

NKW YORK AND nnOOKLYN URTDOE.

Fii-st talked of by Colonel Julius W. -Adams alwut
1.86.5. Act of incorporation passed .\pril, l.s(;6. Sur-
vey begun by John A. Koebling, ]86'.i. Construction
begun .Fanuary 2, 1870. First rope thrown acros.s
the river August 14, 1876. Master Mechanic Far-
rington crossed in a boat.swain's chair August 2.5,
1876. Depth of the New York foundation below
high water mark, 78 feet 6 inches. Depth of the
Brooklyn foundation below high watermark, 4.5 feet.
Tlie New York tower contains 46,94.5 eubie yards of
nuusonrv ; the Brooklyn tower, 38,214. Weight of
the Brooklyn tower, about 93,()7!t tons. Weight of
the New York tower, about a third more, .size of
the towers at high water line 140x.59 feet ; at roof
course 136x53 feet. Height of tower above high water
276 feet 6 inches. Height of roadway in tlie clear
in the middle of the East River 135 feet. Grade of
the roadway 3 feet 3 inches to Irto feet. Width of
the promenade in the center of bridge 16 feet 7
inches. Width for railway on one side of the prom-
enade 12 feet 10 inches. Width of carriage way on
the other side of the promenade, 18 feet 9 inches.
Width of bridge 85 feet. I.*;ngth of main span 1,595
tect 6 inches. Length of each land span 930 feet

64

VALUABLE STATISTICS.

Length of the Brooklyn approach 971 feet. Ivcngth
of the New York approach l,/>t)0 feet. Ijcngth of
each of the four great cables S,578 feet (i inches ; di-
ameter 15% ineiies ; nuiiiter of .skH?l galvaniiied
wires in each cable 5,4W ; weight of each cable at>out
SIX) tons. Ultimate strength of each Kihle iri,OCiO
toJLs. Weight of steel in the suspended sujierstiiic-
turo 10,iKJ<) tons. Total cost 15,000,000 dollars. Op-
ened for trafflc in l.S,S;3.

RAILWAY St'SPENSION BRIDOE, NIAGARA FALLS.

Engineer, John A. Itloebling. Height of towers on
American side i<S feet. Heiglit of txjwere on Canada
side 78 feet. Length of bridge 800 feeL Width of
bridge 24 feet. Height alxjve the river iW feet.
Numl>er of cables 4. Diameter of c-ables 10 inches,
containing alK)Ut4,0Oi) miles of wire. Ultimate crt-
lia<:uty of the 4 cables 12,400 tons. Total weight of
bridge 8(K).tons. Distance between railway track
aiid carriage road below 28 fe«t. 0>st of consti-uo-
tion 500,000 dollars. Bridge first opened for raih\-ay
traffic March 8, ISo.i. Estimated depth of water in
the channel l>eneath the bridge 2.50 feet. Vebxity
of current 20 miles per hour. Velocity of WhirliMjol
Iiapids27 railed per hour. Quantity of water par-
sing through the gore per minute 1,500,000,000 cubic
feet.

NEW CAPITOL BUILMNG AT ALBANY, N. Y.

It was decided to erect the N ew Capitol on the
lirst day of May, IS'65. (_)n the ninth day of Decem-
Iwr, 18(;7, the work of excavation commenced and
jn-octieded to a depth of sixteen feet below the sur-
face. On the .seventh day of Julv, ISOO, the first
.stone in the foundation wa-s laid. 'Die corner stone
was laid on the twenty-third day of June, 1871.
The size is 300 feet north aud south by 4u0 feet east
and west, and with the porticoes will cover throe
acre,s and seven square feet. Tlie walls are 103 feet
high from the water titble. Total cost of the build-'
ing up t<j February 25th, 1884 was S^la, 270,000. It is
estimatetl that it will eo.st at lea.st -^ ;,00<J,()IJO more to
complete it.

U. S. WE.\TIIKR .SIGXALS.

White flag indicates clear or fair weather. Blue
llag indicate* rain or snow. Black, triangular flag
always refers to temperature; when placed alwve
white or blue it indicates warmer weatlier ; when
placed below white or blue itiurticates awler weath-
er; when not displayed the indications are that tlie
temperature will remain stationary, or that the
change will not vary five degrees fro'm the tempera-
ture of the same hour of the'precediug day. White
flag with black .square in center, indicates the ap-
jiroach of a sudden aud decided fall in temperature.

The weather predictions are issued at 1 lu m.,
daily for the twenty-four houi-s commencing at 7 a.
m. These predictions are telegraphed to Signal
Service stations, railroads, post-oflices, etc.

The cold-wave warnings are telegraphed to the
])rincii)al stations of the .service from twentv-four
to forty-i'ight hours in advance, when it is expeetetl
that the temperature will fall decidetlly and sud-
denly.

now TO MEASURE CORN IN CRIB, ETC.

This rule will apply to a crib of any size or kind.
Two cubic feet of good .sound dry 'corn in the ear
will make a bushel of shelled corn! i_'hen to get the
quantity of shelled corn in a cribnf corn in the ear,
measure the lengtli bvcailth and heiijht of the crib,
inside of the rail, multiply the lengtli by the breadth
and the product by the lieight ; then divide the pro-
duct by two and you have the number of bushels of
shelled corn in the crib.

To find the number of apples, jKitatoes, etc. in a
bin,Tuultir)ly the length breadth and thickne.ss to-
gether, and this product by 8, and point off one fig-
ure in the product for decimals.

ANTII>OTES FOR POISONS

In case where the other articles to be used as anti-
dotes are not in the house, give two tablesi)oonfuls of
nnistard mixe<l in a pint of wann water. Also gi\te
large draughts of warm milk or water mi.Nied with
oil butter or lard. If possible give as follows:

For be<l-bug iKiison, blue vitriol, ctirrosive .siibli-
mcJit, su:.,'ar of Ic^kI, sulphate of zinc or red precip-
itate— gi^■e milk or white of eggs in large (juanti-
tie.s.

For Fowler's solution or white percipitate, arsenic
— give prompt emetic of mustard and salt — table-
s]x>onfui of each; follow with a quantity of sweet
oil, butter or milk.

For antimonial wine or tartar emetic — drink warm
watej to enajurage vomiting. If vomiting df>es not
stop give a grain of opium in water.

For oil vitriol, muriatic acid or oxalic acid — Mag-
nesia or .soap dis.solved in water. Give every two
minutes.

For caustic soda or caustic potash — drink freely of
water with vinegar or lemon juice in it.

For carbolic acid— give flour and water or glutin-
ous drinks.

For chloral hydrate or chloroform— pour aAd wat-
er over tlie head and faf'c, with artificial respiration,
galvanic battery.

For (^rbonate of so<ia, copficra.s or cobalt — prompt
emetic ; .soap or mucilaginous drinks.

For laudanam, morphine or opium — strong ooff'ee
followed by ground mustard or grea.se in warm wat-
er to produce vomiting. Keep in motion.

For nitrate of silver — give common salt in warm
water.

For strychnine or tincture nux vomica — emetic of
mustard or sulphate of zinc, aided by warm water.

REMEDIES FOR BURNS AND SCALDS.

Every family should have a preparation of flax-
seed oii, chalk and vinegar, about the consistency
of thick paint, constantly on hand for bums and
scalds. The be^t appliaition in cases of bums and
scalds is a mixture of one part of carbolic acid tj)
eight parti) of olive oil. Lint or linen rags are to be
saturated in the lotion, and spread sm^jothly over
tlie burned part, which should then be covered with
oil silk or gutta-i>ercha tissue to exclude air.

•STRENGTH OF ICE

Two inches thick — will supiwrt a man.
Four inches thick — a man on horseback.
Five inches thick — an eighty-iwunder cannon.
Eight inches thick — a battery of artillery.
Ten inches thick— will support an army.

HOW TO MIX INK AND PAINTS FOR TINTS

Red and black makes Brown

Lake and white makes Rose

Umber and white makes Drab

White and brown makes Chestnut

Re<l with light blue makes Purple

Blue with Icod color makes Pearl

Carmine with white make.s Knk

Lamp black with indigo makes Silver Grey

Lamp black with white makes Lead color

Paris green with white makes Light green

Yellow ochre and white makes Buff

White tinted with purple makes French white

Black with chrome green makes Dark green

Emerald Green with white Brilliant green

Vermilion with chrome yellow Orange

Yellow with white lead Straw color

White tinted witli red and yellow Cream

Yellow, blue, black and red Olive

COMPOSITION OFSOLDERS

Fine solder is an alloy of two parts of block tin,
and one part of lead. "Plumbing solder one part of
block tin, two parts of lead. Glazing soldei' is equal
parts of block tin and lead.

OF WIXSTOX-SALEM, N. C.

fi:

HYGIENE IX BKIEF.
Advice Worth AdlK^vinii; to.

Always desiring; to bi^nefit our fcl-
low-ineii whenever jtossible, we ap-
pend tlie followiu<>' hyt>ienic rules,
wliieh after 20 years' (Experience as a
physician and hyg-ienist, we Ix^lieve
about covers the tiehl :

First of all the foundation of good
health should be started by correct
j living' on the part of our parents be-
'/ fore our birth, so that we may come
into existence with an inborn consti-
tution of stamina. In infant life,
with strenuous effort, avoid the giv-
ing oi any nostrums or much food of
any kind, excepting- that prepai-ed by
nature, or the simplest and plainest
substitutes for it. Above all things
do not begin to create a morbid taste
by giving a hiihy tea, coffee, s})ices,
fat meats, paregorics, soothing syrup,
and the like all of which derange and
destroy the nerve forces. As early as
possible establish regulai- habits. A
babe should have a sponge bath in
the morning, a sun bath at noon,
and a massage treatment before re-
tiring. This latter, kneading of the
muscles and gentle exercises of the
limbs, prepares it for ivfreshiiig sleep.
Even the time for nursing sliould be
guaged by judgment, and not by a
child's cries. Begimiing with two
hours at the age of six months, it
should be our hours between meal
times, and solid food should nev^er be
taken by children or adults nearer
than flvehours nor oftener than three
times a day. A habit once formed is
very difficult to break, and astobai'co
and strong drinks are certainly inju-
rious, especially so before the system
has come to full maturity, feed a
child arsenic and strychnia in pi-efer-
enee to tobacco, wine, or beer.

Every person should have plenty of
exercise, plenty of pure air and sun-
light, a proper observance of deiinli-
ness, simple abstemious diet, and the
avoidance of all licentiousness or ex-
tremes of anv kind whatever. By

regular exercise we do not mean work
to fatigue for half an liour once a
a week ; but if you are engaged in
mental or sedent;ir.\- ('iii])loyment,
spend at least fifteen minutes three
times a day in gymnastic or t)ther
pro])er exercise. Walking is good,
riding is better, sawing or chojjping
wootl is fii'st-rate, and if you have no
conveniences for any of these, you
can, by a vigorous swinging of the
arms, striking, kicking, etc., leaning
foi'wards and backwards, take a suf-
ficient gymnastic exercise in your
bed-room without aid of (hunb-OelLs
or Indian clubs. This should cer-
tainly be done morning and evening,
if you do not get sufficient exercise :n
some other manner, as you need the
first to prepare your digestive powers
for breakfast, and the latter to give
refreshing sleep. Pure air and prop-
er ventilation of rooms is absolute-
ly necessary to health, and the na-
ked exposure of the entire body to
tlie sun is also very import:uit to
persons wlio do not get much out-of-
door exercise. A comfortable room
and south window at noontime are
the re(]uisites for this exiiiliarating
bath, i-oUing on the carpet and rub-
bing the surface of the body in order
not to sunburn, but to keep up a
brisk circulation. Every person
should take a sponge or hand bath
once, twice, or thi'ice a week in order
to keep the millions of 'pores open.
Hut few persons need this every day,
and some may do well enough on
once a week. Our habits are every
second or third day, and a wash bowl
and towel with a i)roperly warmed
bed-room and moderately cold water,
serve our purpost» most of the time
as well as the bath tub; but in bath-
ing as well as in diet, every person
must, t<i some extent be a law unto
themselves.

The matter of diet is an all imj)ort-
ant subject, and one in which it i«
very difficult to make absolute i-ules.
There are, however, a few general
rules which should be observed bj

66

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

every one- The process of mastica-
tion and digestion, ordinarily, re-
quires from four to five hours, and
the habit of piecing between meals,
or taking a second meal before the
first has full time for digestion and
absorption, is extremely harmful, a
great strain to the nerve power, and
certain to end in impaired digestion.
ISto person should do active mental
or vigorous bodily labor for a few
minutes .prior to, and a full hour af-
ter, eating, as it draws upon the
nerve power, which properly belongs
to the digestive process. As to the
kinds of food, it is an old and perti-
nent saying that what is wholesome
for one person may be poisonous for
another, so that every one must stu-
dy their own idiosyncrasies. We how-
ever, believe that pork or lard in any
manner is objectionable, being the
cause of many of the skin diseases
and bilious troubles; cucumbers or
radishes havescarcely any nutriment,
and are hard to digest; pastries,
condiments, highly seasoned food,
relishes, and conglomerate mixtures,
as mince pies, ice cream, etcetera, are
better left for those who are willing
to sacrifice their health and endanger
their lives for social customs, festi-
vals, and late hours. Those who
prefer health should eat corn bread
graham bread, or light wheat bread,
plain vegetable dishes, and sparingly
of meats. Two or three kinds of
food at a meal is infinitely better
than a dozen or more. Eat slowly,
masticate thoroughly, drink but lit-
tle fluid, and that neither hot noi-
very cold. With these directions
strictly followed, you will hardly be
in danger of eating too much, but,
of course, should not overload the
stomach.

Go to bed at early hours; and to
the ladies we will drop the old, old
•;emark; do not constrain the waist,
the feet or any part of the body, by
tight lacing, tight shoes, or other
impediment, that will interfere with
free movement.

RAILROADS, ETC.

ROAXOKE & SOl'THERX.

Country, Minerals, etc.,ofW't'n N.C.

An important feature of our pam-
phlet remains yet to be written, and
one which we believe will enhance the
future prospects of this place and the
surrounding country as much, if not
more, than any other agencies. A
city with but a single railroad, how-
ever liberal that may be, cannot ex-
pect to conmiand trade and succeed
in miscellaneous manufacturing like
a place Avith competing lines, stretch-
ing their iron arms to the various
points of the compass to receive the
traflc and transportation which their
location and importance demand.

The Roanoke & Southern has been
long talked about, and its great de-
sirability as a cross line, extending
to Ronoake, Va., on the north, and
to some point in South Carolina on
the south was acknowledged by every
progressive citizen, but no active
steps towards its speedy consiimma-
tion had been made until quite re-
cently. The Virginia and North Car-
olina construction company was form-
ed in Winston in May last, a ma-
jority of the stock being held here,
and recently this organization has
taken the contract to build 60 miles
of the road, from here to Martins-
ville, Va., upon which operations will
be commenced at once, and it is ex-
pected that the line will be finished to
that place within a year. The con-
struction company also has an op-
tion on building the division from
Martinsville to Ronoake, (55 miles),
and the southern division as well.
This company was incorporated with
150,000 capital stock, and with au-
thority to increase the stock to f 250,-
000 when necessary.

F. H. Fries, the Salem manufac-
turer, is president, and Jas. A. Gray,
cashier of the Wachovia National
Bank, the secretary and treasurer,
with a number of the most solid bus-
iness men in the Twin Citj^ as stock-
holdoT--^ in t'^? ontei'prise.

OF WI.\ST().\.SA(J-:.M. N. r.

67

It is nor our inteiitiv)!! to soar into
tlip po(-ti<';il, but if you would see a
land Messed with wealth of timber
and minerals; with fertile valleys,
spai-klino- waters and pure air. tlien
• ■ome with us and travel over a space
of about 60 miles through TJie beau-
tiful Piedmont section of XorTJi Car-
olina.

After yon cross the Virginia line,
first you strike a ledge of soajjstone
which may be sawed into slabs as
large as a barn door, and so free
fi-om g-rit that it can be dressed with
a plane as smooth as marble. 80
useful and ornamental has it been
found that it has been quarried and
hauled by the citizens for miles
around for hearthstones, mantels, etc.
With transportation, this would fur-
nish thousands of tons of freight.

A few miles on and you come to the
mica. Many tlicnisand pounds of
this have been mined and hauled
away. This lead extends over five
miles on the line.

One mile further on you find lime,
, on Snow creek, which was at one time
thought to be the finest marble in
the state. Another mile southward,
and you come to the regular mag-
netic iron belt. The ore from this
rang-e has been worked for nearly
a hundred years, makes the best of
iron, and is no doul)t inexhaustible.
Were it not for the dirt that has fal-
len in since they stopped work, o wing-
to the introduction of rolled iron,
twenty or thirty veins, from four to
ten feet thick, assa\ing i~) to 70 i)er
cent, metallic iron, would be shown.
This is not in pockets, but in regular
fissure veins, no one of which, so fai*
as we are informed, ever cut out or
failed in the working of nearly 100
years. This iron belt extends six
miles, much of the way through the
finest timber, to Danbury. Here the
Dan river furnishes magnificent wa-
t<^r power for any purpose. The ore.
accordinii' to the analysis oi Dr.
Sm^:L. :-^ -iiU.v;*- •];:• ;roni phospho-
roi>, !iUii j'. ^oui ^p.e -imens analyzed

the low^est showed 49 and the highest
(')') pel- cent, inetailic iion.

Passing tlie six miles, you ai-e at
Danbury, a village noted for the
healthfulness of its <-limate, with
Iteautiful scenery on every side, wiiile
within ci radius of five or six miles
are at least twenty mint ral spring's,
possessing- valuable medicinal prop-
erties, which from Ma.y to Novendier
would bring- not only hundreds. l)ut
thou,sands, of pleasure and health
seekers.

Now we leave Danbury in the direc-
tion of Germ.anton, cutting- i-ight
through a hill of magnetic iron -ind
manganese at one iriile. passing- with-
in half a mile of jirobabl^' as fine
granite as can b:^ found in Greenwood
cemetery. Wecross the foot of Little
Flatshoal creek and mountain, and
find the real lead of nmnganese. an
article used in the manufactur*- of
steel rails, or Bessemer steel for other
purpose.s, and which, Just at this
time, is in very great demand, owing
to the supplies running short in
many places. This -vvill furnish to the
H. eVi: S. R. K. tons of freight.

In the same neighborhoo.l we find
magnetic iron ore and graphite, a.l-
most pure plumbago. This is about
six miles north fi-om Germanton. all
in the s-ame neighborhood. Tiuee
miles fui-ther on are the different lime
(juarries, which have been worked for
years.

Then we come to the coal on Town
Fork, the veins of which at more than
two or three planes are 18 inches to
2'i. feet thick, and not more than 15
feet from the surliice.

Crossing the line into Forsyth, you
have liirie and a heavy deposit of
.serpentine, that in the near future
will furnish many tons of freight to
the Roanoke & Southern Railroad.

Between this and Winston are
many out<-rops of iron. maugan<^.se.
limestone aiid otlur minerals, whose
extent has never been investigated,
and whose richness has never been
tested. There is <'onsidernble iron at

68

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

Urfjew's Creek, wliile a little to the
uo-th and east, 18 miles i'rom Wirs-
ton-Salem is an outcrop of coal, which
is fchought to be invaluable and inex-
hasistible. Tlie State of No]"th Caro-
lina, has appropriated Sl.OOO for
■developing these coal flelds. and a
■mining expert is investigating- them.

Ail over this section, says Judge
K-eily, ff Pennsylvania, there are ores,
■the finest his eyes ever rested en,
nsinerals, timbei's and water powers
that, ought and will mak^ this the
bj^utiful Piedmont section. one of the
richest and most prosperous coun-
tries m the world. All it needs is
capital, and this it will get as soon as
4 capitalists know its resources.

Home of this section may be west of
t}1je powte followed by the Roanoke »!c
iSouthern, but most of it will be trib-
utary at least to that road, and in
Sbddition to -» aluable minerals, it has
thousands of acres of fertile valleys
yet juideveloped, and which good
transportation facilities wouhl cause
to be developed at once.

The construction and completion
«!>f the Roanoke & Southern will bring
many email miscellaneous manufac-
turing enterprises here, and these
assist .greatly in the prosperity of
ajoy city- Winston-Salem is progres-
:mye,. and every indication points to
a inight future and confined pros-
pjwijtj'. We believe that no better
time for investment in real estate
•evei- psresented than the present, and
if j'Oudesire a residence or manufac-
turing' hSte the Twin City presents
snany advantages. The professional
stnd mercantile departments are well
3"e) jTi-sentfi 1 al i-eady .

LIVERY ST.\BLES.

CRITTCHFIELI) & M'ARTHUR.

€hureh Street Livery. ■
The Mvery business is not so abso-
lutely- essential to public progress as
:ab\'e railroads, but they are a great
4iOMvenien(;e, and Winston, as other
Jive citi-'S, has a full quota of liveries.
JP. G. Crntchfield was born in Orange

county, and served as conductor for
six years after the road was first
opened to Salem. Eight years ago
he op(Mied the livery, and two years
later accepted R. M. Mc Arthur, of
Virginia, as partner. The firm have
a fine brick stable, run the transfei-
line to all trains, and are fully
equipped throughout.

BARHAM & HOLLAND,
Livery, Feed nnd Sale Stable.

Barhani & Holland op ned up in
the livery business in February, 1887.
and keep from eight to twelve horses,
the usual line of buggies, carriages,
phaetons, etc. N. B. Barham is son
of the well known auctioneer at
Brown's warehouse, and ft\miliar
with horses for man.y yeai's. John
^Y. Holland was born in Forsyth, but
has spent most of his life in agricul-
tural pursuits in Davidson county.
Good turnouts are always at the call
of customers.

• J. M. ROBINSON,
Livery and Sale Stable.

J. M. Robinson was reared in Clin-
ton county, and five years since
established the livery, sale and feed
business in Winston. His stables are
on Third stree't, between Church and
Chestnut, where he keeps from eight
to ten horses, and all the requisites
of livery, besides purchasing and sell-
ing all kinds of desirable horses to
meet the wants of customers or the
demands of trade.

The roads in the vicinity of the
Twin-City are being macadamized antl
recently a new bridge has been put
across Salem Creek. Geo, H. Craft of
Atlanta, Ga., was awarded the r-on-
tract for the building, while the work
was done under the supervision of J.
A. McCorkle. The material was fur-
nished by the Smith Bridge Co., of
Toledo, Ohio, the total cost of the
bridge and all work connected with
its construction was $1,-1:19.17. The
approaches to the bridge on either
side for some distance is being nicely
macadamized with crushed granite.

OF \VI.\ST().\-SALEM.

Gif

SALEM MERCHANDISE, ETC.

W. P. OI{]\[SI'>Y,
Ovgnns, Pi;inos, Seiving M.-irhiiu's.
Win. P. Orinsby is a iintivc of Fa\}x-
land, has been a rosi<lent of this cil y
for 14 .rears, and some two years au'o
eiig-ag'cd ill the sale of the ])o])ular
Domestie Smvinti' Ahieliines, of wliicli
he has phieed ovei- SOO in the homes
of Forsyth and sarroninlirisr conn-
ties. TJiis machine is simple in its
construction, easy to manaji-c and
wide in its rang-e of work. Its pro-
prietors have taken great pains to
produce a first class machine in all
respects, and twenty years of practi-
cal use Inive demonstrated its supei'i-
ority in many respei-ts over other
competitors. Mr. Ormsby keej)s
needles and supplies for all kinds of
machines, and has facilities for re])air
Avork. He is a practical musician,
playing- 1st violin in the Salem Oi-
chestra. He sells everything in
pianos, organs or musical goods,
doing tuning and repairing aw well.
Mr. Ormsby makes a specialty of tlw
Estey, Palace, and Kimball organs,
the Stieff, Wheelock and other pianos
although any desirable styleor make
is furnislc'd to suit the order of the
customer.
FRIES. (IIERSH & SENSEM.\X.

fieneriil Moichandisp.
One of the largest mercantile hous-
es in Salem is that mentioned above.
H. W. Fries the senior partner is well
known in manufacturing, H. A.
Giersh is a native of Salem, six years
a merchant and in "ST became a
partner as above. Mr. Seiiseman is
in the stove trade as noticed else-
where. The firm keeps a full line of
general merchandise and does a lead-
ing trade. The firm keeps a full line
of Ziegler Brothers popular manu-
facture ot fine shoes, for men, women
and children's wear, and the sales for
the past twelve months show a large
advance over previous years. I'lies.
Giersh and Senseman have a eon-

siderable jobbing tradi' l)iit give spe-
cial attention to their large retail
l)usiness. occupying three stori-^s with
their wares and ai-e tlieleading house
in Salem merchandise.

(■LI.\AHI)& BROOKES,-
Dry (iooiLs, (rroii^ries and Notions.
L. N. Clinard is a native of David-
son Co. and his partner,!". B. Brookes,
from ForsythCo. bnt both areoldreai-
dents of the place. Mi. Clinard having-
for IV) yea-s been in the offiec of
Messrs. Fries and Mr. Brookes having
been in the revenue service and in
merchandisinsi' as one of the fir:Ti of
Reed Br.)th;'rs & B:-ooke.s.

A year ago the jjresent copartner-
ship was formed for the coudtict of
j;cneral merchandise, of which they
(•arry a good assortineiit umler tljiit
general heading-, and their first .ywu-
ofsale.-: ha.^ larg-ely exceeded the ex-
])ectations of Messi> C!inai*d &
Brookes.

I). A. SPAFGH.
(jiorPi-y and LivHv Stalilc.

1). A. Spa ugh is a native of David-
son county, and has bet^n in trade at
Salem for fourteen year.s. Mr. S.
keeps a full line of groieries and u
stok of gener.al merchandise. He
makes large shipments of fresh fi-uitR
and produce, and is a progTessive
merchant.

At his livery stable in rear of Hun-
ter block Mr. Spaugh keejjs seven to
ten good hors'es ami a full outfit of
bug'gies, carriages, ph.vtous, etc. His
merchandise trade is principally rv-
tail. but he does a fair line of jobbing
of well.

W. O. SEXSEMAN & CO..

Stovfs. Tinnnji'. Etc.

Stoves, tin, and sheet iron merchan-
dise has lieen conducted at the >f|gn
of the Bu; Cottee Pot in Salem for the
])ast (juarter of a century, and three
year- agoit wasininhasctl V»y Giei-sh.
Senseman ».S: Co.. the .senior partner
retirint"- from the trade with Jan '88.

70

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

leiv-'es the tinn name as above, H. E.
Frips being- the "Co." Tobacco flues
are one of the specialties of the firm
and tin ware at wholesale and re-
tail. A line of grates, heaters, cook-
stoves and house goods are kept
by the firm and the wants of the (ms-
toniers carefully looked after.

W. & E. PETERSON,
Cabinet Shop — Salem.
Karsten Pet-rson, of Denmark,
ca.me to the Southern States in 1806
as a missionary to the Indians.
About ten years later he located in
Saiem, and opened up the cabinet
trade in a store house that had been
built a quarter of a- century before,
and this, although having seen the
storms of a hundred winters, is still
occupied by W. & E. Peterson, the
former lieing past 70 years of age
and still working with the saw and
plane on the spot where he was born.

H. W. SHORE,
Groceries and Confectionerv.

H. W. Shore was born in this vi-
cinity and has lived in Salem over 35
years. He was for a long time a clerk
in the post-office and served for thir-
teen years as postmaster. In Dec.
82 he opened his stock of merchan-
dise at the corner of Main and New
Shallowford St. where he keeps a full
line of family and fancy groceries,
queensware, confectioneries and ci-
gars. Mr. Shorehas a large acquaint-
ance throughout the i-ounty.

MRS. T. B. DOUTHIT,

Millinery and Fancy Goods.
For 20 years Mrs. T. B. Douthit
has administered to the millinery
waiits of Salem ■ and right well has
she done this, to hold a. large share
of the custom in that line i)i a city of
this size. Mrs. D. is an experienced
milliner and also keeps expert hands
in the custom depa.rtment. The line
of ribbons, fancy goods etc.. is exten-
sive, and she is to be c(jngratulat<^d
upon 20 ypars of successful trade.

MERCANTILE INTERESTS.

Winston-Salem is a central point
for a large section of country, Salem
having- before the days of a railroad
been a mercantile town of large im-
portance, while Winston of more re-
cent and rapid development now
takes the lead in merchandising. The
superior richness and flavor of fruits
grown in this section has nmde for
us an extensive dried fruit demand
and in an exeeptionallj' good year
more than 100 -i-ar loads, aggregat-
ing over two million pounds have
been shipped from the Twin- City to
the northern aiid western markets.
The average yield is 40 car loads of
dried apples, 20 of peaches, and 30
or more of blackberries, pears, cher-
ries, raspberries, huckleberries, etc.

There are ahvays those who are
willing to look on the dark side and
decry our progress. While the l)uild-
mg boom of Winston two or three
years since may have been pushed be-
yond a healthy growth, an intimate
acquaintance with the leading mer-
chants and manufacturers, warrants
us in saying that lousiness is st;->adily
increasing and the output of 1888
will show a decided improvement on
that of last yea/. This place has
more than a hundred mercantile
firms and as our work is now on its
last third we shall necessaril- skip
some minor concerns and make very
b'.-ief reference to others. We do not
claim it to be a complete index, but
hope to give a fair representation to
all houses of special prominence and
we do no injustice to others by start-
ing with one of the oldest houses in
trade as it is also among the
largest. It is our purpose to give
merited prominence in the various
lines of trade to those houses which
add most to the importance of the
city as a trade center.

The postage on these panq^hlets
will be 2 cents each. Mail them to
vour friends and customers.

f

OF A\'L\ST(

HINSHAW & MEDEA KIS,

(h'nenil Wholesale hikI Ri'tnil Mcr-

cJinnts.

The above firm ai-e (ies,>i-vin<i- of
a libei-al space as tliis houise lias long-
been identified with the development
of Winston, the senior ])artner now-
being- one of the oldest niei-chauts
in the place. Harman Miller, Robert
Grav, Sullivan & Hell, A\'illiam Har-
row, F. L. Gon-ell, Holdei-A: Fain-loth,
Hodgin cV' Sullivan and some smal-
ler firms had preceded Mr. Minshaw,
I'ut Winston had less than ."iOO inhab-
itants when hecomineiiced trade- here
in 1N70. He is a native of Cliatham
county and came tothisiilacein l.S(*>7.
The firm style was llinslmw kVo.
at first and has since made several
changes. The present large structure
was erected by llinshaw Hrothei-s
about ten years ago, has three Hoors
70x70, comprisiniieU'veii apartments
all well filled. Two elevators are in
use and as it is easier to tell what the
firm does not keep than to give their
lonff list of wares we will simply say
that ever\'thing that comes under
the head of general merchandise,
(clothing- and millinery alone except-
ed,) is found in the wholesale and re-
tail emporium of llinshaw cVc Medea-
ris. N. H. Medearis is a native of
Forsyth county, began as salesman
in the house ten years ago ami last
year be<'ame a partner. Mr. Hinsliaw
as before noted has taken an interest
in the tobacco develo])ment from its
incipiency he having fitted up the
first ware room foi- tobacco sales.
He was prominent in the first move-
ment for a graded school, has be(>n
connected with the city government
and as chairman of theconimittee on
internal improvement has taken an
active part in the development of
railroads. This firm in company with
F. & H. Fries, and by the assistance
of dis])lay room from Col. (lorrell,
for three' years conducted a wheat
and cattle fair in Winston.

In addition to an extensive n'tail

)X-SALEM.

71

trade in all general lines of goods the
firm of Hinshawi' .Medearis do a large
jobbing traile for a radius of a hun-
dred miles oi- more from Winston.
Their aggi-egate sales reachinu' about
|;2:>0,0()0. The firm gives omjiloy-
ment to a dozen hands, carries .'^:{r).-
000 to .if."iO,000 in stock, purchases
lai'ge quantities of produce and dried
fruits and from its liberal ami pro-
gressive' spirit contributes a full share
towards the importance of Winston
as a coTiiiiiercial cciitei-.

W. T. CARTER .V CO..

Dry (roods, Grocprif.s, Fi^rt ilizt^rs He,

Sagacity and good judgment is as
certainly necessary for comm<>i-cial
success as it is for professional or
manufacturing- |)i-os])erity statistics
show that more than oi\e half of all
who engage in mercantile pursuits
fail or abandon the business during
the first five years of trade. W. T.
Carter began merchandising in 1S7-t
and nineyears ago moved to Winston.
Five years since he consolidated with
Brown & Carter, of warehouse fame,
in the pi-e.-^-nt mercantile venture. A
comjilete line of dry goods groceries,
millinery, notions, etc. at wholesale
or retail is found here, larg(^ assort-
ment of fine shoes, gents furnishing
goods, in fact all the requirements of
trade, clothing and hardwai-e except-
ed. The firm occupy a finely lighted
room in Bi-own's Opera House block,
corner of Main and Fom-th streets,
having a large basement storage and
two warehouses. They are extensive
dealers in fertilizei-s kee])ing this jiro-
duct as well ;is other heavy storage
in theirrailroad wai-ehouse. Messrs.
C;H'tei-s and Hrown are among our
most infiuential citizens and the firm
is solid in every resjiect. The part-
ners have largely been intei-ested in
developing the commercial interest
of Winston and the transactions of
the house compai-e favorably with
other leading- mercantile establish-
ments.

72

DESCRH'TIVE SKETCH

The lioiij^e of
Vaughn &: Pep-
per may well he
classed among
our leading' mer-
chants and its
rapid increase in
trade is a sure in-
dication of the
elevated com-
mercial standard
o n w h i c 1) t li e
operations are
based. J. B.
Vaug'hn is a- na-
tive of Rocking-
ham county and
l)eg'an business
in Winston as
one of the firm of
Vaug-h & Prath-
er some 14 years
ago. Ldter,
with Maj, Brown
he started the Geneinl Merchi

hardware business now conducted by
Brown, Rogers cV: Co. and about five
years since in company with T. R.
Pepper of Stokes county, for many
years merchandising in Danbury, the
present business was entered into.
The firm at first occupied the Ogburn
corner, but their buiness had a rap-
id increase and a year ago they
completed the fine brick structure of
which we give a correct illustration
above. The building is 30x90 front-
ing on Liberty and having an entrance
on Fourth street. The first floor is
occupied with the retail trade, and it
is a dull day indeed, when the clerks
are not busy here. The second and
third floors are entirely taken up
with the wholesale trade while the
basement is used for heavy storage.
A warehouse in the rear and another
near the depot are filled with their
merchandise. The output of busi-
ness the first year was about
125,000 and that'of 1888 will prob-
ably be ten fold that amount show-
ing a phenomenal increas(^ for five
years of trade. A dozen persons find

indise at Wholes.-ile unci Retail.
employment and the firm does a flour-
ishing retail and jobbing Inisiness
throughout western North Carolina.

J. E. GILMER,
An Exclusive Wholesale Bouse.
AA'inston has a number of jobbing-
houses in connection with the retail
business, but as yet has only one
house devoted exclusively to the
wholesaling of general merchandise
and that is the above. Capt. J. E.
(lilmer is a native of Greensboro, and
commenced the mercantile trade in
1867. Fifteen years since he came to
Winston and opened up a stock of
general merchandise, doing both a
retail and jobbing-trade. Tlie whole-
sale business soon became a promi-
nent feature, and in 1881 he closed
up the retailing and turned his at-
tention entirely to jobbing. From
time to time the Captain has ouilt
additional room, until his stoi'e now
fi'onts 55 feet on Main stre^^t and his
last structure has both basement
• and upstairs room, besides a large
warehouse for heavv groceries on the

OF \vl\st().\"-sali:m.

73

rear end oftlie lot. A full assort iiicnt
of grooeries, provisions, drv goods,
shoes, trunks and evei-ything coniing
under the head of general luerchau-
dise is carried by this house, the
trade reaches out over Western, N.
('. and adjacent counties in other
states. We have previously nuMition-
ed Capt. Gilmer as a partner in the
Orinoco warehouse and in the firm
of Edmunds ii: (Jilmer leaf dealers. He
is one of Winston's progressive mer-
chants, whose enterpriseand business
tact has brought him to the front
and his vai'ious intei-ests are import-
ant factors in the general wclfan' of
the city.

ROSIvVHACHKH I'.ROS.,
Dry Gooih Clothing and Furnishing.

The separation of different lines of
trade is an enterprise that enables a
firm to cany a lai'ger and moi-e com-
plete assortment in a special branch
and give closer attention to its de-
tails, and the above firm has done
its share to.vanls the division of th(^
various lines of trade in this city.
Three separate stores are conducted
by this house. The clothing and
gents" furnishing house occupies the
double front liu.Kton building 4()xSr»
feet and is said to be the largest room
and best assortment of clothing to
l)e found in the state of North Caroli-
na, comprising all sizes and (pialities
demanded in the trade. Two rooms
of the tine (Jray block, 2r)x85 each,
and communicating by an archway,
are filled with a complete assortment
in their lines. One department com-
prises dry goods, carpets and millin-
ery, the other is dcn-oted to hats and
shoes exclusively. The shoe store is
thoroughly tilled with everything de-
sirable in foot wear. We cannot go
into the minutia of this extensive
concern, but will sinqily say that
Hosenbacker Bros, are shrewd buy-
ers, are fully alive to the interests of
their customers and there is nothing
that a lady could desire in diy goods,
domestics or notions but what th(\v

endravoi- to kecj). A dozen clerks
tind employment in these three stores
and a large business is transacted.
The jtartners are of (}erman nativity
and in trade at Areola four years
prior to engaging in the trade of this
place in ISMO.

BEE HIVE CASH STORE,
W. I). Baity S' Sons, Projuii^tovs.
It has long been anestablislu-d fact
that UKMrantile houses ba.sed strictly
upon the cash system can afford to
sell goods at a closer margin than
credit stores, as they have no bad
debts to cut down the average per-
rentage. save the time of a book
keeper, collector and loss of intei-est
on delayed payments. Such tii-nis
usually ])Ui'cliase, as well as to .sell,
for spot cash, thus .securing good
bargains and saving heavy discounts.
To some deah^rs tln' establishnifMit of
a strictly cash business appeai-s ini-
liracticable but the large trade of
the Bee Hive Cash Stoiv which was
ojjened in the IJuxton-Shelton block
on Main Street opposite the Court
hou.se, by W. 1). Baity c't Sons, of
Yadkin county, April first of this
yeai-, is a sntficient evidence that peo-
])le who pay cash ap])reciate tliese
advantages. This tii'in haslong been
conducting a store in Yadkin county
and have recently closed that out in
oi-der to put their entire energy and
capital in the enterpriseat this ])lace.
Theii- stock is one of the general mer-
chandise, which nneives daily addi-
lions in order to keep it fully up to
tile i-e(pnrements. The three months
of trade here has fully reached the
most sanguine expectation of the
})artners and W. I). Baity & Sons are
welcomed to the Twin-( 'itv as men
who.se live spirit of business will ad-
vance (nir commercial interests.

.1. TISK&CO.,
Cif'W'val Mt'Vihandise Housf^.
.Jacob Tise was born in Davidson
county but located hei-e l)etoie Win-
ston was coinmmenced. Mr. Tise

74

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

was one of tlie early mayors of Win-
ston and in 1865 in company with
S. A. Ogburn he began merchandising
as Tise & Ogburn. Changes have
been made in tlie firm several
times, but Mr. J. Tise still remains,
with C. H. Tise now as managing
partner. Jacob Tise erected the row
of a lialf dozen stores from the origi-
nal room on the corner of Main and
Fourth street to and including, the
fine galvanized iron front which bears
his name. This store of general mer-
chandise does a large trade and has
been in business for 23 years. C. H.
Tise has been connected with the
house from boyhood. He is the pat-
entee of an improved well fixture
which has become very popular in
this section from its great conven-
ience and absolute safety for children
to handle. Mr. Ti.se should make a
fortune on this if its merits were ful-
ly known. There are thousands now
in use and room for hundreds of
thousands more. Manufacturers
would do well to correspond with him
it they desire to produce a useful and
good selling article.

D. S. REID,
Genera,! Merchandise.
Among our large dealers in general
merchandise the name of D, S. Ileid
should have a prominent mention.
Mr. II. is a native of Guilford county,
came to this place eleven years ago
and began merchandising.' The bus-
iness has had a steady increase from
the first and to accommodate his
large stock in trade, the convenient
two story brick 25x95 feet at tUe
corner of main and second streets
was built by him and first occupied
in Jan. 1885. This has an elevator
and other conveniences. Mr. Keid
holds an extensive retail trade and
does a fair share of jobbing. The
stock comprises e\-erything usually
classed underthehead of general mer-
chandise clothing and millinery
alone excepted. A warehouse for
storage of fertilizers, in which he

has a large trade, adjoins the rail-
road track and Mr. Reid has gained
a wide city and country custom in his
eleven years of trade here.
RACKET STORE
And Cheap John's Quai'ters.
D. D. Schouler, proprietor of both
the above houses was brought up in
the mercantile trade of New York
city and five years ago located in
this place. He keeps a large line
of dry goods, millinery, fancy goods,
notions and stationery next door to
the post-ofiice, a few months since on
account of his extensive ladies' trade
having removed the gents' furnish-
ing, clothing and goods in that line
to a store room across the street in
the Liberty block where auction sales
are conducted every night. The dry
goods house is furnished with the el-
evated cash system, the counter sunk
unique show case plan, and is con-
veniently arranged throughout. Mr.
Schouler is well satisfied with his suc-
cess in Winston and has invested in
real estate and buildings to the im-
provement of this place.

THORNTON & CO.,
General Merchandise.
R. L. Thornton is a native of
Washington, N. C, and was in mer-
cantile pursuits there for several
years. He was for a time in the mill
business at New Berne, coming from
there to W'inston in 1885. Mr.
Thornton bought out the stock of J.
F. Prather in the Bitting block, made
large additions, and his salesroom,
26x90, is filled with everything that
goes to make up a general merchan-
dise stock, hardware alone excepted.
To many persons it is a decided con-
venience, to be able to purchase their
dry goods, staple and fancy groce-
ries, boots, shoes, hats and clothing
in the same establishment. Mr. T.
not only keeps these, but crockery,
house-fi;rnishing goods, an;vi:hing for
men, women or children's wear, and
the endless variety of notions so
essential in the family.

OF \vi\st().\-sali:m.

JOE. JACOBS.
Main Street Clofliier.
Born in Pruhisia, Jo.sppl) Jii(()l)s
emigrated to Ampricji in ISfil) and
was in the clothing' trade at different
places prior to locatino- in Winston
abont a dozen years tigo. V>y integ-
rity and intelligent bnsiness denling
Mr. Jacobs has ascended the bid-
der of mercantile fame nntil lie holds
a high position and carries a good
stock in all the b'nes of men's Itoys"
and youths" clotliingas well as a gtMi-
eral line of gents' fnT-nislung goods
jewelry etc. Mv. J. has served \A'inston
faithfully as a commissioner and
been honored witli a reelecti(jn to the
ofHce. His rooms are at the conier
of Main and Third streets in tlie bns-
iness center of the city.

H. A. WATKINS&BRO..

Dry Goods. Shoes and (iroreries.

H. A, AVatkins ^.^ Hro. are both
natives of Davidson county the sen-
ior partner having commenced mer-
chandising in Lexington ten years
ago and been for six years past in
the trade of AVinston. Jos. J. Wat-
kins, a teacher for many years in
Davie and Yadkin counties has recent-
ly ])uurchased an interest in the es-
tablislunent and the firm title has
been changed to the above. II. A.
Watkins tV: Bro. kee]j a good outlay
of dry goods and clothing and are
just preparing to add a lull line of
groceries for the accommodation of
thir customers. The house is on
Main street near s(H-ond.

H. A. HESTER c*c SOX.
General Stores.
H. A. Hester is a native of this
county, has been lo years in trade
and with the present year acce])ted
his son as a partner in the business.
They have a st^-ck of mercliandise on
North Liberty street, AVinston. and
have recently established a store at
the lower end of Main street, Salem,
thus being prepared to cai^ture the
trade from either direction.

\V. L. FBAMvLLN c^c <<)..

Shoe and Notion House.
\\ . L. l-'raidclin is a native fif Car-
teret county, and has been three
years merchandising here, having
been in the trade for half a ilozen
years at Durham prior to coming to
tins place. The hrm oc(aij)v a double
fr-ont store on Liberty street, and
k"ep a full stock of shoes and hats,
besides an endless variety of no-
tions.

FULLEB cV' DURHAM,

Drygoods, Notions, Etc.
T. S. Fuller is a native of Franklin
county, and came from Raleigh liere
in 1(SS-1:. I. W. Durham is noticed
elsewhere as a marble dealer. Th«^
firm have been in business since
April, 1880, and occupy the granite
fionl Stein block, with their assort-
ment of drygoods, shoes, hats, etc.

CLARKE & FORD.
JJry Goods. Groceries, Etc.
Both A'irginians, and commenced
in the trade of AA'inston in 1875, at
the corner, which was first used in
merchandise by Harman Millershort-
ly after the village was started.
Clark I'c Ford keep a general stock of
merchandise, and have done a fairly
successful trade.

Hardware, Stoves, Etc.

BROWN, ROGERS.^- CO..
Hardware, Machinery, Agr'l Inipl's.
A'aughn, Brown «.V' Carter under the
firm name of A'aughn cV: Co.. started
the hardware business in 1S7S and
eight years ago J. M. Rogers ])urclias-
ed the interest of Vaughn and the
business has since ])eeurun as Rrown.
Rogers «.\: Co. .Mr. Rogers is fi-om
Charleston, S. C. and Messi-s Brown
».^ Carter are our well-known ware-
house men. The firm have a double
front store under the Opera House
and a large basement to the same.
Tlie building is IH) f(>et deep and the
t)Utlav in all lines of hardware is com-

76

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

plete, the business ha viny,- been great-
ly extended under Mr. Rogers'
management. A splendid assortment
of stoves is kept and just at present
special attention is directed to the
Gauze Door Range which has many
features of merit for roasting, baking
etc. Agricultural implements and
farming machinery embrace a large
part of their business. Geiser thresh-
ers, horse powers, grain di'ills, Mc-
Cormick mowers and binders, steam
engines, mills supplies, belting, Wads-
worth's Silicia paints (iised by the
U. S. Government,) white lead and
oils are sold by them. A large and
varied stock of buggies and all kinds of
carriage material are found here and
the special wants of the farming com-
munity have been considerately cared
for by Brown, Rogers & Co. in the
make up of their large stock.

R. R. CRAWFORD,

Hardware, Farming Machinery, Etc.

R. R. Crawford was born in Rowan
county reared in Charlotte and
since the war had been in the hard-
ware trade at Salisbury until he re-
removed to Winston in 1883. Mr.
Crawford has given special care to
the requirements of the farming com-
munity and is widely known in West-
ern N. C, his travle in machinery, ag-
ricultural implements, fa r m e r s "
supplies and iiouse furnishing
goods extending over Forsyth and
adjoining counties. In grain ma-
chinery he makes a specialty of the
well known Deering Twine Binder,
keeping also the Deering and Meadow
King Mowers.

The business occupies four floors in
the Ogburn •corner, at Fourth and
Liberty streets having a double sales-
room on the first floor. In addition
to machinery and general hardware.
Mr. Crawford keeps wagons, buggies,
carriages, supplies, mechanics' tools,
sporting goods and the endless varie-
ty of sundries which go to make up
a tirst-class hardware establishment.
Institutions of tlii-; magnitude at-

tract business to our city and assist
in making the Twin-City an import-
ant commercial center.

S. E. ALLEN,
Hardware and Crockery.

S. E. Allen is a native of Granville
county and has been in trade at this
place since 1876. His accommoda-
tions and stock are much the same
as the two above houses, with the
addition of crockery. Since compil-
ing our article on Electric Light,
Capt. Allen has been elected as secre-
tary of the company. He is also sec- \
retary and treasurer of the Piedmont ;
Springs Company which has been
formed with the design of advertising
the fine chalybeate waters in Stokes
county.

G. STEWART,

Tin Manufacturing and Stoves.
Is a native of England, in America
from childhood, and five years in his
present business. He keeps stoves
and manufactures any kind of tin
and sheet iron ware. He also does
roofing, spouting and the whole line
of trade.

Drugs, Paints and Sundries.

DR. V. (). THOMPSON,

Drugs, Paints and Drug Sundries.

Dr. V. O.Thompson is from Warren
county, N. C. Pie graduated from
the University of Penna in 1859 and
served as assistant surgeon in the
late war, returning to Warren county
where he practiced for several years.
Jan. 1st 1874 Dr. Thompson com-
menced in the drug trade of Winston
was burned out Dec. '79, rebuilt in
1880 and in just one year from his
first conflagration sulfered the second
loss by fire. He then purchased his
present stand on the street opposite
the ('ourt house where he keeps a full
line of drugs, medicines, paints and
sundries in all their varieties. Dr.
Tliompson has an elegant wall soda.

OF WLNSTON-SALK.M.

apparatus which cost $1,500 and in
which the combination of forci<>-n
marbles gives a hiii'lilv artistic cftt'ct.
Dr. Thompson is th(^ oldest drn<i'<i-is1
in AMnston and his store has always
been kept up to the T-ecjuirenients of
trade, containing,' evei-ytliing usually
found in a first-class drug- store.
John Bynum has been chief cierk in
the house for many years.

/- ASHf'RAFT.'t OWENS.
/ Drugs, Merlirines. Puints, Suiulvies.

I H. C. Ashcraft is a native of Mon-
V^ roe, Union county, X.(". and hasbeej
in the drug trade for twelve years.
B. B. Owens is a Pennsylvanian eight
years a druggist and three years
since began clerking for Gray & Mar-
tin. A year later in company with
Mr. Ashcraft, ])urchasing the present
business. There are but four drug
stores in the Twin-City and this fact
enables all of them to keej) a full
stock thus accommodating the pub-
lic better than a half dozen or more
smaller stcu-es would do. Ashcraft &
Ow'ens are Ijoth in-actical men and
study the requirements of their trade
so the assortment in drugs, chemicals,
sundries, lead oil and i)aint goods in
general is kept filled up to the de-
mand while special c;ire is given to
filling ])rescriptions. The usual soda
fountain and other etceteras are
found and with the completion of the
Wachovia bank corner the firm will
have an elegant room in the form of
an L fronting botli on .Main and
Third streets.

BROWN cV; BUOWX.
Druggists and Opfni House Lessees.
Smith & Brown fitted up the com-
modious drug rooms near the corner
Fourth and Liberty streets in 1SS2
and a year since F.C. Biowupm-chas-
ed the' interest of ('apt. Smith mak-
ing the firm name lirown & Browji.
The Browns are both natives of Da-
vie couutv, N. C. having come to
Winston iii 1872, tind in ISSO engag-
ed with ('apt. Smith in the drug en-

terprise. F. ('. Brown has long been
])rincipal salesman with W. T. Carter
vV: Co. The store is finely fitted up
having hand.-ome shelf wjuv, soda
fountain, etc The management is
in the hands of W. C. Brown whose
long service in Ijusiness leaves it ini-
nece^sary for us to add fuither com-
ment. This firm also has the man-
agement of Brown's Opera Hon.se.

Jewelry Stores.

w. T. vo(;leh.

Wntrhps, Clocks. Jewelry. Etc.
Phillip C!iristo])her A'ogler. boi-n in
1 72.') in Palatinate, come to this vi-
cinity from Broad Bay. Maine, in
1770 and from him the N'oglei-s of
Forsyth county descended. John
Vogler commen<*ed the Watchmakers
trade in Salem about 1S(K) and this
and the Gunsmith tra<le were favor-
ite occupations of the family. \Vm.
T. Vogler learned l»oth and has ItetMi
in tlie jeweler's Imsiness for 2'J years.
InlS70 Mr. Vogler becameconvinced
that Winston would make the cen-
ter of trade and removed his jewelry
l)usiness hei-e, still retaining a resi-
dence in Salem. The location is on
Main street opposite the Merchants
hotel and the store is well w<u'th a
visit as it contains a large stock in
all departments of the jewelry trade
and is handsomely fitted up. It has
S nickel sliowcases, two common, and
one superb wall case which was man-
ufactured by A. C. Vogler in Salem at
a cost of over $150. This is a mode]
of elegance and convenience am<l is
filled with fine silverware, etc. The
outlay of docks, watches, jewelry
and oj)tical gooils is very large and
all the re(]nirements of a complete
jewelry house is found here. Mr. Vog-
ler is assistive! in the store and rej)air
department by his son Henry and W.
F. Lineback. The establishment
from its commencement here has meri-
ted and enjoyed thepjitr(Uiage of our
best citizens.

78

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

JOSEPH BEVAN.
Watchmnker and Jeweler.
Joseph Bevan commenced the
Avatchniaker's trade in liis native
city of Baltimore in 1840, and still
puts in his time faithfully at the
bench. Four j^ears ago he moved
from Williamsport to this city and
opened up an attractive salesroom
on Main street, v\here he keeps a well
selected stock of docks, watches and
jewelry.

Millinery Stores.

MKS. STANTON & MEKRITT.
MUlinery and Fancy Goods.
Mrs. Stanton commenced the milli-
nery trade in this city in 1870, and
three or four years later erected the
building- now occupied b3'^ the firm
nearly opposite Hotel Fountain. Mrs.
Merritt became a partner in the trade
some five years ago, and the firm
keep a very complete stock in the mil-
hnery and fancy goods line. The
cases and shelves are tilled with a su-
perb outlay of hats, ribbons, floM'ers
and feathei's ; laces, trimmings and
fancy goods in general. The trim-
ming department is handsomely light-
ed, and anj' desirable style of ladies'
head-gear is furnished to the order ot
customers.

MRS. A. S. MASTEN,
Miliinery Store.

Ada S. Masten is a native of this
State, residing in New York for some
time, and is an experienced milliner
and trimmer. She opened up a stock
of goods in her present commodious
rooms opposite Merchant's Hotel,
April, 1888, and has already secured
quite a large patronage. Mrs. Mas-
t-^n keeps some fancy goods, every-
rlr.Tig desirable in millinery, and en-
'i-.tvors to reproduce New York styles
ir: r^r'ppi'.'P.? . Her rooms are in the
i.j.-.ri- • sl^- ot the city, on Main
stre:-*t. near tlie Wachovia, bank
corn ii'.

Ice, Coal, Confect's, Groceries, Etc.

D. H. KING,
Coal, Ice, and Bottling Works.
In 1882 I). H. King, of Richmond.
Va. opened up the ice and coal trade
in the Twin-City. He erected suitable
storage buildings, sheds and scales,
at the corner of Third and Depot
streets adjoining the railroad ami at
once commanded a good trade. Mr.
King lias convenient delivery wagons
and is prepared to assist his people
in keeping warm or cool, as circum-
stances may demand. He handles
the anthracite coal of Shamokin, Pa..
the bituminous of Pocahontas, Va..
Black Diamond, of Tennessee and
Cumberland coal of Maryland. He
purchas<^s the Kennebec ice from his
mother, Mrs. Jane King, who is an
extensive dealer in Richmond Va. Mr.
King is abreast of the times in all his
methods giving our people tlie accom-
modations of large cities in these re-
spects. A couple of years since he
purchased the corifectionery business
of A. H. Potter, on Main street op-
posite the Merchants Hotel, where a
large assortment of confectioneries is
to be found at all times. The estab-
lishment has a handsome soda foun-
tain and ice cream parlors connected
therewith. A year since Mr. K. Pur-
chased a bottling apparatus and puts
up, for the wholesale trade, miner-
al waters, soda flavors and the
popular Vienna Cabinet and Tivoli
beers. Altogether Mr. King is one of
the stirring business men who assist
in making this a live city.

F. B. EFIRD,
Fancy and Staple Groceries.
A house confining itself closely to
one line of trade, is able to make a
special studv of that branch and F.
B. Efird located .here Jan. 1886 and
has given his entire attention to sta-
ple and fancy groceries. The result
has been higlily satistactor^' to the
proprietor and it is only proper to
say that he conducts one of the lead-

()imvixst().\-sali:m.

7'.)

ing gTOcerj houses of Winston. It
is not surpassed for neatness attrac-
tiveness or completeness of assort-
ment. He does a considerable job-
bing trade in confectioneries cigai-s
and fancy groceries; but in heavy
stock, as flour, hams, etc., carries
only what is required for the local
trade. Mr. Efird lias built u]) a rai>-
id and successful trade in his two
years of stay in this place.

H. J. WILLIAMS v"c CO..
Bakers nnd (iioi-ers.

Bread is the staff of life and every
city must needs have its bakery. The
above Arm has recently commenced
business at the corner of Fourth and
Main streets and aie delivering to
customers anywhere in the city, fresh
bread, cakes and pies every morning,
H. J. Williams is a native of 1*. I.
removing to Virginia 25 years ago
and for 12 yea.s past at Greensboro.
G. J. Stan* is of English descent and
well known to our i)eople. The firm
besides bakery and confectionery
goods k^eps groceries and produce in
general.

J. G. YOrXG.
Mevchn ndise Broker.

Maj. J. G. Young "w;is raised in
Charlotte, N. C. and for eight years
was connected with the transporta-
tion-department of the Pi<'dmont Air
Line. He located in Winstiui five
years ago in the brokerage business
represents the packing house of Ar-
mour & Co., of Chiciigo, in meats,
lard, etc., deals entensively in grain,
flour and coal, the annual transac-
tions averaging about .f 100, 000
and making an important output of
Winston.

j. F. FULTON.
Merchandise Broker,

Is a native of Stokes county, came
to Winston in ISS"), was salesman
for 1). S. Roid and Maj. Young prior
to engaging in the i)rokerage and
commission business in 1Ss7. Mr.

Fulton i-epresents t he ( hicaoo I'.u |<-
ing and Provision ('omi)any, and
fleals in lard, meat, pi-ovisions
and grain with monthly sales
amounting to nearly .f."., ()()(). His
office is next dooi- to Hinshaw & Me-
<leju-'s and the \varehou.s<'sfoi-the bus-
iness are jienr the railroa<l depot.

.1. S. (JUrUH,
(iroceries, Vetaet aides, I'Jtr.
\\i\s born in this vicinity and raised
in tai-ming. He took charge of the
city water works ])umps in 18S:},and
has since been at that post. At the
old Helo foundry sit(> he has a fine
garden plante<l out, and in his store,
recently opened up oti Liberty sti-eet,
will sell largely of vegetables of his
own ])roduct, besides general gi-oce-
ries. Mr. G. has 1,000 watermelon
]ilants growing, (j,000 cabbages, and
various other products.

J. F. HAKKIS,
(iroreries. Provisions, Produce.
A native of Iredell county, J. F.
Harris came to this city a dozen
vears ago and for six veai-s clerked
for .1. Tise. In 18.S8 Mr. Han-is
commenced trade for himself, and a
couple of veai's since he secured the
fine brick coi-ner at 4-th and Cher-
stre ts where he keeps a good assort-
ment in the grocery line, giving spe-
cial attention to the handling of
counti'v produce.

THE CITY PAXTIIY,
D. D. Parlor, Manager,
Was opened in April last, at the cor-
ner of Sixth and Old Town streets.
Mr. Paylor is of Caswell (M)unty. for-
nieily in the grocei-y trade, and for
ten ye;irs past a l)ook-keepei- for dif-
ferent firms of this place. His stoik
is silei-t family groceries.

C. A. AVIXKLEH.

liaki-r. i'oritertioner. ICtc

Is a nativ" of Salem an<l coninienc-

ed trade there in lSG(). ten years lat-

>'' :ie s;";ui"d j- I v.inch business in

'^O

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

Winston and still conducts both
houses. He has a bakery with all
its requinites, keeps a full assortment
of confectioneries and manufactures
his plain candies. He is an extensive
manufacturer of ice cream, keeps a
restn urant ; beer, and oysters in sea-
son.

N. T. WATKINS.
Dry Goods and Shoes,
A native of Halifax county, Va., N.
T. Watkins commenced business here
13 years ago, and has recently de-
cided to retire from trade. He has
yet quite a full stock in dry goods
and shoes which he is closing out at
cost to go out of business, and ofters
bargains in everything which he has
for sale.

A. HUBAND,
Grocer and Confeetioner,
Was born near Baltimore, and came
to AVinston five years ago. Three
years since he started a grocery and
confectionery stand at the corner of
Fifth and Church streets. Most of
our large houses have had their start
in small beginnings, and Mr. Huband
hopes to increase in stock and pa-
tronage.

R. F. GRAHAM,
Fruits and Confectioneries.
R. Frank Graham is a native of
Rowan county, and was in mercan-
tile ti-ade at Salisbury for some
years. He located in this city in
1882, and has since kept a fruit stand
on Fourth street, opposite the court-
house. Tropical and native fruits,
confectiomeries, tobacco, cigars, etc.,
are his merchandise.

JONES & WILSON.

Grocery Store.

J. P. Jones of Caswell county and
Thos. A. Wilson of this place opened
up a neat grocery assortment one
door south of Hotel Fountain in
April 1888. Their stock speaks for
itself.

There are several other small man-
ufacturers, mechanics, dressmakers,
meat markets, plenty of saloons,
barber shops and small grocery
houses, that we have not reachecl,
and there may be other firms of
greater importance, and wliidi prop-
erly deserve a mention here, tluit we
have inadvertently omitted.

[Professional, manufacturing, etc.,
received too late for classification.']
DR. J. G. ECTOR,
Liberty St. Bet. 6th. and 7th.

Through an inadvertency Dr. Ec-
tor's mention was, we regret to say,
omitted from the professional pages
and as "it is better late than never"
we will atone for the oversight by
saying that he is a native of Ala-
mance. N. C. attended the Jefferson
Medical College of Philadelphia, in
1857, and began practice shortly be-
fore the war. Dr. Ector removed to
Winston seven years ago and has
since been doing his share of practice
his residence and office being on Lib-
erty street north of the M. E. church.

G. C. HINE,
Saddle and Harness Manufacturer,

Is a native of this county, and is suc-
cessor to a business which was estab-
lished 15 years ago by L. I. Hine,
father of the above. In 1880 he pur-
chased the business which, as of yore,
is conducted opposite the Starbuck
block. Saddles, light and heavy har-
ness and horse goods are carried in
otock, or made up to the order of
customers, several hands l)eing em-
ployed in the trade.

J. W. Shipley, of Baltimore, has for
two years past conducted a similar
establishment on Main street, near
Third.

SPACH & CRANFORD,

Blacksmith and Repair Work.

Edward Spaugh was born in Da

vidson county, moved to this vicin-

itv in 1841, and ten vears later com-

OF WJXSTOX-.SALKM. N. ('.

8]

ineneed his line of business in Wins-
ton. Wm. G. Cranfoi-d is from
Rowan county, and joined Mr. S.
in business two years ago. The firm
has recenth' moved into a new brick
shop on Church street, next to
Brown's warehouse. Genernl black-
smith work, horse-shoeing-, wagon
and factory repair woi-k are cared I'or
by this firm. There are several other
blacksmiths in the city, but la'*k of
space forbids further mention.

J. H. STOCKTON,
Livery and Sale Stnbles.
J. H. Stockton was born in Rock-
ing'ham county reared in Kernersville
and in 1861 came to Salem. Four
years later he commenced in th<'
trade of Winston, and was one of the
firm of Pfohl & Stockton for many
vears. With this year, Mr. Stockton
lias opened up a livery barn in rear
of Clinard & Brookes' store, where
he ke<?pH some twenty animals, sev-
eral elegnT>t turnouts, and is prei)ar-
ed to accommodate his customers to
anything needed in the livery line.

SINGER SEWING MACHINES.
W. B. McWborter.

The agent for the Singer Manufac-
turing Company, in Winston, isa na-
tive of Lewisburg. W. Va., and came
to the management of this office in
1887. The Singer is too well known
generally to recpiire any long- spa<-e
from Tis. Its sales avertige over a
half million of machines eacli year,
which are sent all over the civilized
world. The Singer Co. have tlieir
principal wood works at South Bend,
Ind., and have extensive nianufa<-
tories of the machinery at Eliza betli-
town, N. J.; ^lontreal, Canada; and
Glassglow, Scotland.

W. F. HAILV.

Shoe Mamifnctiirer.

Is a native of Davidson county, and

commenced the shoe trade twenty

yea»^ ago having ever since been m-

dustriouslv at the ben.-h. Recently

Mr. H. lias moved to Winston and
his shop is on Liberty street o])j)osite
the (ii-ay Block where he is prepared
to make any kind of ])eg-ged or sewed
shoes to the order of customers.
W. E. HECK.
(inn nnd Locksmith,
Learned his trade with Wm.Dettmar
in Salem, worked seven years there,
and four years ago started his shop
in Winston. His ))la<-e is on Main
street, opposite Bi-own's warehouse,
and Mr. Beck has evei-y recpiisite for
the business.

H. C. McCADDENS
Harness Shop.

Near Brown's warehous(> on Main
street is found the harness shoj) of H.
C. McCadden who has been several
years in the business of Winston and
turns his principal attention to cus-
tom work.

CARE OF THE EYES.
An Important Organ.

Nothing is more important to fi
man's comfort, haj)piness. and suc-
cess in life than good eyesight, and it
is every ])erson's duty to take care of
these organs. The general health has
much to do with the power and
endurance of the eyes. Whenever
any ])redisposition to weakness or
irritation is shown, late hours and
working- by artificial light should be
studiously avoided, and the eyes
I)athed fre(piently in salt and'water.
On retiring- a st)ft cloth di])ped in
modei-ately cold water and partially
wrung out. laid upon the eyes and
fi-e(piently turned over, or redi})ped,
is of great benefit to inflamed eyes.

Many irregularities of sight are
found, that need the expeiience of a
skilled optician to accurately fit the
proper lens, and we are gla»l to note
that E. Foster Newkirk, at Hotel
Fountain, has every neccs.sary appli-
ance for measuring-irregularities and
making jiroper adjuBtments. From
personal experience we can fully re-
commend him.

82

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

SUMMARY AND REVIEW.

THE FACTS IN A NUT SHELL.

Read This if Nothing More.
In order to give a detailed state-
ment and substantiate our testimony,
we have taken up a goodly number
of pages in this sketch, and as some
of our readei-s may not have time to
carefully go through it aJU we desire
in brief to call your attention to the
spooial features of prominence. In
the first eight pages we Imve present-
ed conclusive eA'idence that the tide
of immigration had turned from the
West to the South, and in the salu-
brity, healthfulness, agricultural and
mineral advantages, of this section,
given good reasons for our claims of
superiority. On several pages we
have referred to the fact that manu-
facturing industries are an essential
feature to the permanent prosperity
of any city, and we believe that the
Chamber of Commerce, as well as the
city authorities and our public spir-
ited citizens in general, are impressed
with this fact, so that any new entei"-
prise of importance to the place would
receive a liberal encouragement. On
their behalf whether your line of in-
dustry be small oi- great, if you de-
sire a location in this favored section,
we invite you to let us know your
needs and wishes and we will make
every reasonable effort to accommo-
date you. The progi-ess of AVinston
is well, illustrated on pages 10—11,
showing it to behfteen times as large
to-day as it was 15 years ago. These
figures we are prepared to substan-
tiate, and hope to keep a hke record
for many years to come. Do you de-
sire a city with metropolitan com-
forts, shaded streets and grassy
lawns, at a healthful altitude and
with salubrious clime? Come and
dwell with us and we will do you
good. Our schools, as shown on
pages 13-15, are unexcelled, church
and society privileges, (pages 1(5-19),
are superb, printing offices and bank-
ing accommodations good.

Our manufacturing pages disclo.ses
the fact that we have ample conven-
iences for foundry and repair work.

There are hard woods and valuable
timbers in every direction so that
nearly any description ofwood work-
ing industries may be made profitable
here. A chair ftietory with modern
styles is especially desirable, spokes,
hub? and carriage bent works, and
ma.nj^ other kindred industries might
be suggested. The cotton and wool-
en mills so long in successful opera-
tion here are a sufficient proof of the
feasibility of manufacturing indus-
tries in that line. The admirable
kaolin, superb pottery clay, fire clay,
granite, limestone, etc., of this vicini-
ty, would suggest the propriety of
oc(?upations requiring these articles.

Our tobacco intei'ests, which give
employment to 5,000 persons, have
been fully written upon, (pages 31-
44), and comprise a leading feature
of the place. This is fully represent-
ed with the exception perhaps of snuff"
mills and cigarette factories, which
might each find here the material and
facilities for successful operation.

Under mercantile interests, page
70, we gave figures illustrating the
magnitude of the dried fruit product
of this section. As the lands of Wes-
tern Noi'th Carolina seem to possess
the property of imparting a peculiar-
ly fine flavor not only to tobacco, but
to large and small fruits, there is eve-
ry reason why a canning factory of
mammoth proportions might be
made a profitable investment in this
place. We have before made men-
tion, page 11, of the lands of Forsyth
county, but we especially desire to
emphasize the fact that, it has al-
ready been clearly dewonstra ted that
the soil of this section has a peculiar
tenacity in the retention of fertilizers,
and that however poor the land may
appear to be, it is easily revived and
jmt in condition to bring forth an
abundant harvest. The apparently
p'oor sections are found to he perfect-
J3' adapted to the growth of all kinds

OF \V1\ST(».\-SAT.K.M. X. ('.

s:\

t

of tVnits and ben-it^s. tlif natural
lionie of the g'rape, i-aisiny- tlir liiicst
\vim> pvoduciiifi- vines to l)e found in
the States. No better section of thi^
world (-an be touud for conuiion or
hig-h bred ponlrry. and its never fail-
ing- .streams, witli al)undanct> of nu-
tritions grasses, and liealthful atmos-
phere, gives to We.steni X. (". as tine
a country as the far famed " Bhu'
(irass liegion" of Kentucky, in whicli
to breed blooded cattl<> and horses.
There are several small herds <jf .bn--
seys in this et)nnty. a stud or two of
Handdetonian horses, but these in-
dustries are x^-t in their infancy and
present a splendid field for investment .
Dn othe!' pagi'S we have called at-
tention to thenuneralsof this region,
coal, iion, etcetera, which will dou\;t-
less be developed with the ;id vent of
coming i-ailroads. Xoi-th Carolina
has proven to be one of the richest
ndneral States in the I'nion. embrac-
ing besides all sorts of Iniilding stones,
and the coarser minei-als befoi-e men-
tioned, gold an<l gems of rare beauty.
There are beryls, a<]uamai-ines, gar-
nets and an\ethysts. Mica is found
in great abundanceand in the largest
plates known. It is a substantiat«r'd
fact that Winston-Salem is a pro-
gressive place, and that we have
more nianufactui-ing machinciy in
operation than anv other city of the
State.

The Twin-City is in great need of a
well operated street car line, an<l will
doubtless soon have a comjjany
formed for that jiui-pose. As renmrk-
ed elsewhere a fashionable hotel, or a
well conducted sanitarium near the
mineral spring, would prove gooil
investments.

Finally, let us add, ii you have no
desire to enter the field for manufac-
ture or agriculture, and are perchance
seeking tor a health resort for your-
self or'some memV)er of your family,
prostrated with nervous troubles, or
debilitated with lung or throat aftec-
tions. which need a bracing and
health-giving atmosphere, protected

tVoni the northern blizzard." by tlut-
lUne Ridge mountains, give t^TnTcity
or county a trial and we are certain
yon will remain with us. The Clnun-
ber of Cornmeive. City Otficinls or the
business men mentioned in tha'-e
page*, will doubtless be glad to an-
swer any reasonable (piestions, on
subjects in their ]>articular line, and
to them we i-efer yon for special in-
fornnition.

The South will never realize its full
meastn-e of gi'eatness and prosperity
imiil it is more densely po]Julate(l.
and although f)ur resources are supei-b
and our natural advantages almost
illimitable, still the measure of our
prosperity is the measure of our
ability to develop those resources. It
isjustaswell, therefore, that intelli-
gent and industrious men from other
sections of tlie country* should be in-
vited to come among us and aid ns
in the work ofdeveloiniient. And this
invitation should be based upon a
truthfui I a-esen tat ion of the facts, and
not founded u]K)n those gorgeous ex-
aggei-ations which read like circus
])osters and which have nn(piestiona-
l)ly hurt the cause of immig-ration
elsewhere, and ]ierha])-^ to some • x-
tent in the South.

Some featui'es of intei-est we have
yet failed to mention. The niuseuni
of Anticpiities. in connection with the
Salem Boys" School, is worthy of no-
tice, the Southern l-X]»ress here is
conducted by .Mayor Buford.

Since compiling our school pages
.las. A. (Jray has taken the jjhn-e of
Col. (Jorrell on the Board. The name
of Bev. C. H. Wiley, who was early in
the school movement and Chairman
of the first Board, was in.advertently
omitted. Brof. W. A. Blair has been
eln-ted Superintendent.

In mention of the organization
of the Forsyth Riflemen, the reader
might infer that the pre.-^ent otticers
were its organizers, while our worthy
po.stmaster, S. H. Smith, was a prime
mover and t)ie first Captain.

KERNERSVILLE.

FORSYTH COUNTY'S SECOND TOWN.

Its Progress, Business Interests, Advantages
and Surround! np-s.

OF ki:k.\i-:h8ville.

85

KERNERSVILLE.

FORSYTH county's SKCOM) TOWN.

Its Progress, Jhishiess Inti'ivsts,
Advantages and Surroundings.

How many Inindi'fHls of ])eoy)]e in
tho northern tier of these United
States, who suffer from the weekly
recurrence of friuid waves, foi- six
months of tlie year, sometimes com-
ing with such intensity as to freeze
the mercury and ruin constitutions
of natural vigor, would gladly accept
the manifold advantages of this fav-
ored clime if the;, but knew them?
How to convey the real facts with-
out exaggeration, in a shape to
be preserved for months and years
by those who are its fortunate re-
cipients, has been the study and aim
of the compiler and projectors of this
pamphlet. rerha])s no. handsomer
site could have been found in the
State for a ]>1easant village than the
location of Kernersville, and, of its
history and surroundings we shall
proceed to write.

About the year 17()() this neai-ly
level plateau, upon the county's wa-
ter shed, was selectod by Caleb Story,
an Irishman, who, it is said bought
400 acres for four gallons of rum.
a few 3'ears later Story sold his inter-
est to a Mr. Dobson, the ])la<e for
many ^'ears being know as Dobson's
Cross Roads. Rev. (iotlieb Shober,
of Salem, purchased this homestead
in 1806 for his son Nathaniel and the
Shobers sold to Joseph Kei-ner in
1817, from whom the iHace takes its
name. Mr. Kerner was born in (Jer-
many in 1768, came to AuKM-ica Iti
1782, bringing with him an illustra-
tion of Christ Before Pontius Pilate,
which had been sketched from a stone
engraving, found under an ancient
church at Vienna, a leproduction of
which is still preserved in many of
the Kernersville homes. 11(> was in
agricultural pursuits near Friedland
before removing to this place in 181 s.

and at his death inlM;M> he owned
about 1.1(10 acres ai'ound thest' cor-
ners, which fell to his heirs, John V.
Philip and Salome. The daughtei-
married Ap]H)lis Hai-mon, of Connec-
ticut. Mr. Harmon died in 1S44,
leaving his intt-rest to his sons.Kufns
and Julius wlio have s])ent their lives
here as millwrights, farmers or in car-
pentering.

John Frederick Kei-ner i-aised n
family of six sons and three daugh-
ters, all stiU living.

Phillip Kernel- has five living "liil-
dren. J. G. is an artist of la re ability
whose unique house on Main street,
erected at acostof al)out .*.'),()()0,has
excited much comment. It is a square
brick, with(iothic ; oof, and coml)ines
parlors, dining-room, kitchen, ball-
room, bed-rooms, furnaces. Dutch-
oven, smoke-house, wood-house, wag-
on-house, hay-loft and luuse-stalls
all under one roof. It comes from the
ideas of genius, and its ceilings and
walls are elaboi-ately decorated with
rare designs of ornamental painting,
which wouM grace the costliest man-
sion in the land.

Kernersville was a quiet country
hamlet of about 100 inliabitants in
1870, but railroad matters began to
be talked of, and the placi^ was ini-or-
porated in 1S72, including an area of
ly, mile in diameter, with the acade-
my building as the central i)oint,and
in this territory weie found 147 in-
habitants. The citizens donated, al-
most too liberally, and graded foin-
miles of the railroad, which reached
here in 1878. The census of 1880
showed about oOO inhabitants, and
the estinmte of to-day ])laces the
population fully double these figures,
thus showing it to be ])rogres.sive.
There ai-e more brick residences,
stores ami factories, in K'M'iiersville,
than any other town of its size in the
State, thus showing it to be substan-
tial. This is an excellent brick clay,
and the dirt from the cellar is often
used at once to make the brick for
till' superstructure.

8G

DESCRIPTIVE SKET(!H

TliR plateau upon whii/h the village
is built excites the admiration of all
who consider its features. Not in any
sense mountainous, it is the water-
shed of this region, having perhaps
the highest altitude of any non-
moutitainous point in the State. It
lies 1100 feet al.ove the sea. 150 feet
higher than Greensboro, 70 above
High Point, 50 feet higher than For-
syth Court-house, and about the
same above Mt. Airy depot. On this
eminen(;e, Pilot and Sauratown moun-
tains, 30 mile.s to the northwest, can
be plainly seen, and the Blue Ridge
Ridge peaks on a clear day are dis-
cernable as a misty veil in the dim
distance. From this place :he wa-
ters flow in all directions, the rivulets
going to assist in formin.o Belew's
Creek, Abbott's Creek. Muddy Creek,
Reedy Fork. Haw River and Deep
River, thus giving a natural drain-
age and insuring a salubrit\ and
healthgiving atmosphere. The winds
for a few davs in Winter are quite
bleak, but so mild and tame when
(Compared with a northern or western
blizzard as to almost be called spring-
like. The unobstructed elevation
gives a pleasant breeze for the hot-
test* day in summer, and insures re-
freshing sleep for the night.

CHURCHES, SCHOOLS. ETC.

The Kei'uers and early settlers here
were Moravians, a brief history of
whom we gave on pages 9, 15-16. il-
lustrating their traits of integrity
and persevering industry, and this
was a place for occasional preaching
early in this century. Rev. C. L.
Rights, the present Presiding Elder
of the Southern Province of the Mo-
ravian Chu]-ch, preached his first ser-
mon liere in 1846. He was born in
Salem, in 1820, served a printer's ap-
prentice in Greensboro, and at Salis-
bury, worked in Blum's printing
liouse several years before entering
the ministry. The Kernersville Mo-
ravians had tlieir church hous • at
Freidland until 1867, when the pres-
ent neat brick structure was erected

in this place, largely by the generosi-
ty of Dr. E. Kerner. Rev. Rights
came to this charge 16 years ago,
af.d has b^en a faithful spiritual
shepherd.

The M. E. Church South, erected a
comfortable brick structure here in
1877 to take the place of the old
frame struL'ture which had been built
here in about 1810.

The Baptist Organization were for-
tunate in having the philanthropic
Mrs. Alonzo Brown in their midst,
and her efforts brought forth a com-
modious brick house of worship in
1886.

The Methodist Protestants erected
their brick edifice last year, were gen-
erously assisted by J. C. Roberts,
and nave a good place for worship.

The Presbjtei-ians have an organi-
zation, but as yet no spiritual home.
They have the privilege of tlie Mora-
vian church' when occasion requires.

There is a colored A. M. E. and
Baptist church, both having houses
for worship.

The public schools of the State are
accomplishing much good and those
of this place are flourishing under the
principalship of Rev. J. W. Pinnix a
native of Caswell county, who has
been teacher and preacher for a dozen
years past and came to the charge of
our schools four years ago. The en-
rollment at the last term was over
100, and Mr. Rush of the eolered free
schools had nearly as many under his
charge. Prof. Pinnix is assisted by
Misses Mary McKaughan and Lucy
Perr r. He has charge over christian
churches in Randolph and Guilford
counties.

A private school has been conduct-
ed, by Mrs. C. L. Rights, in the Mora-
vian vestry, Avith good succe-s for
ten years past. The Academy was
built by a stock company in 1859,
and has lor the past ten years been
run under auspices of this Conference
of the M. E. Church South. Prof. H.

OF KKKXKKSVil.LH.

S7

L. Coble, from Randolph coinitN-, the
nc!\vly elected Principal, will tiike
chacg-e this month. He comes liijrhly
recommended, and will endeavor to
put the school on an (^levatcd ])Iaiie,
so that Keniersville will ottei not on-
ly one otthe sin-htliest. healthiest and
most pleasant locations in the State,
but high educational, moral and so-
cial advantages.

Prof. John S. liny is (hair-
man of the County Board of Educa-
tion, has achieved a literary standing
worthy of r-^cord. He came to tlie
charge of our Academy in 1870, and
was teaclun" hei-e for sevei-al years.

Mayous, Etc. — The venerable -Jo-
seph Armtield, born May (>, ISOO.
was first Mayor of this place, and
was succeeded by Pr. A. IX Lindsay,
who, after his third election, retired
in favor of Prof. J. S. Hay, who
held the position for several terms.
A. H. S. Beard, Dr. E. Kerner, J. C.
Roberts, J. N. Guyer and L.E.Grif-
fith have serA'ed the incor])oration.
Mayor \j. F. Davis, the present in-
cumbent, m a nativeof(Juilford coun-
ty, and for three years past in tner-
cantih' trade here, under whicli
heading he will have furthei- notice.

(^OMMissu)NKRs, Et<". — J. M. (Jreeu-
field, J. H. Hester, J. S. King, J. N.
Leak and W. A. Lowrey, all enter-
prising business men of the place,
serve as Commissioners. Mr. Lowrey
off! -iating as Secretary and Treasur-
er. W. A. Linville is town ])oIice. 1.
H. McKaughn is deputy sheriff and
tax collector.

The T77;.sfee,s to the Academv are
Dr. B. J. Sapp, J. F. Plunkett. W. A.
Lowrey, R. P. Kerner, W. A G.-ittith.

The School Cowinissioiiers are 1.
H. McKaughan, Henry Perry ami
Pinkney Ballard.

The Post-Office at this ])lace has
recently been given to DeWitt Hai--
mon, by request of J. H. Lindsay,
who has just resigne<i, on account of
an appointment as a teacher at the
Staunton Deaf and Dumb Institute

in N'irginia. .Mr. Harmon is a native
of the i)lace, educated at our aiade-
my and taught school at Nazareth,
Pa., for two terms, having since been
salesman for Beard cV: Uolerts. This
])lace was a mail crossing at an early
date, and Jose])h Kernel-, his sons,
Phillip and John F., Lucin<la Kerner,
John H. Hester, John King, Jos. E.
Kerner, have held the ofHce prior to
Mr. Lindsay. The receij)ts of the
oftitH' are about ^."»0() j)ei-vear. There
are two daily mails each way by rail,
and a daily mail to and from Sum-
mertleld, 12 miles to the northwai-il.

l{AiLuo.\n Exi'KKss.Etc. — The Ker-
nei'sville station was tii-st in charge
of C. B. Brooks, of Salem, held foi- a
short time by F. (i. Shilcut, who re-
signed November, LST-J, and Richard
I'. Kerner, the present agent, took
chai-ge l)<>cember L^t, of that year.
He was teacher and in farming ])ur-
suits hei'e before acce])ting the rail-
road business. In additioji togeneral
freight and passenger traffic, the
agent here also has charg(» of the
Southern express and Western I'nion
telegrajth tivide, being assisted in
these matters, especially tf'legraphy,
by his son. John G. Fresh fruits by
express, manufactured tobacco. gran-
ite and dried fruits by freights a re the
princi])al shii)ments. Whiteoak tim-
l)er for switch ties and briiige tind)er
is iilso a valuable pi'oduct of the
|>lace.

Till' Keniersville Xewn was started
by T. A. Lyon and H. C. Edwards,
Apr. 1st "Si as a 5 col. folio after-
wards enlarged to a (5 col. folio and
finally to 7 cohuus. It was at first
print.'d on a small hand press. It
was liought by J. H. Lintlsay July
1st IHS.T and" all the old type has
been i-ephiced by new — also new cases,
stands and jobbing outfit added. A
year ago by the aid of citizens, he se-
tured a Caniitbell Power Pi-ess, to
pivvent his acce])ting a jtosition el.><e-
where. There are printed at this of-
fice besids the AVir.s'. the Tliomasville

88

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

Gazette and theSummerfield67ea72er.
The job patronage has largely in-
creased and it has become one of the
best paying country papers in North
Carolina. J. H. Lindsay has been
unanimously re-elected Sec'y and
Treas. of the N. C. Press Association
three times in succession. He has
been untiring- in his zeal for the up-
building of this place, but having
been offered a lucrative position at
Staunton, Va., will go there in a few
days and leaves the field open here,
for a good newspaper man.

HOTELS, PHYSICIANS, ETC.

Dr. B. J. Sapp was born and rfrared
in Guilfoi'd county, three miles ea^t
of this place, attended Rush Mclical
College at Chicago, 1859-60, prac-
ticed in the army, and in 1867 began
in the profession here, opening a
boarding house on Depot street in
connection with his practice, and in
1880 purchased the old Kernersville
hotel stand, which has been a place
of public entertainment for nearly
100 years. The doctor has good ac-
commodations, and keeps the only
regular hotel of the place. In 1874-5
Dr. Sapp attended medical lectures
in Baltimore, and graduated from
the Washington University (now
College of Physician.'^ and Surgeons).
Dr. Sapp has been the principal drug-
gist of this place for many years
past, keeping quite a full stock of
mediciues, chemicals and sundries,
which he runs in connection with the
hotel trade, and also does a fair
share of practice. He is assisted in
the business by his son, Luther L.,
who is n.^ading, preparatory to enter-
ing medical college. Carey C. Sapp.
the doctor's oldest son, graduated
from the Baltimore Dental College
last year, and is practicing at States-
ville.

Mr. Israel Kernev was born in this
vicinity in 1821, and has kept a pub-
lic house nearly all his life, six years
ago swinging out the hotel sign at
the "Y" on Main street. The house

is a brick structure, with about a
dozen rooms, and its proprietor the
oldest K'^rner living in this county.

Dr. Elins Kernev was born in this
place in 1826, attended the medical
department of the Pennsylvania
University at Philadelphia in 1849,
practiced a year in Salem with the
late Dr. Zeveley, and has since been
dispensing pills and powders in this
place and surrounding country. In
1859 he built his fine brick residence
on Main street, and in 1876 assisted
his father in the erection of the saw
and grist mill a mile west of town,
which is now owned by him •self and
son, R. B., the flourishing Winston
attorney.

Dr. A. D. Lindsay is a native of
Guilford county, attended lectures at
the University of Pennsylvania in
1850-1, having practiced in this place
and surrounding vicinity ever since,
excepting two years which he spent
at Hickory Tavern, and a time as
post surgeon in the late war.

Dr. L. I. Bodenhamer is a native
of Davidson county, and for fourteen
years a resident of Kernersville. He
has been a preacher in the Primitive
Baptist Church for thirty-five years
past, having for many years had
charge of the "Saints' Delight" con-
gregation, six miles west of town.
For twenty -five years past Dr. Bo-
denhamer has done some practice,
and more recently has given it his en-
tire attention, last winter taking a
course of lectures at the College of Phy-
sicians and Surgeons of Baltimore,
Md.

Dr. W. P. Dix is a native of Ran-
dolph county, began mercantile trade
here some twenty-five years ago. La-
ter, after a preparatory course, he
engaged in practice at Walkertown,
where he practiced for twenty years,
in the meantime graduating irom the
Baltimore Medical college in 1874,
and removing to this place about
three years ago.

OF KERNERSYILLE.

89

ATTRACTIVE FEATURES.

From Madinon, near the Dan river,
to Salisbury, on the Yadkin, a dis-
tance of nearly nixty miles, is found
a rid^e, or water shed, dividinir West-
ern North Caralinafrom that portion
farther east, and, althouj::li livinji-
streams are found on all sides, this
ridg-e can be traversed the whole dis-
tance without crossin<i," the water.
About midway on this elevation, 11
miles east of Winston, in Forsyth
county, and 18 miles west of (Jreens-
boro, is found the hadsome site of
Kernersville. The main street is
hadsomel^" shaded, and adorned with
many brick residences, stores and
factories. Eoads center here from
ei<i:ht directions, <2:ivinp: easy access to
lhe suri-oundiufi- af;ricu]t\iral, fruit
and tobacco lands. It isi>erhaps un-
excelled as a fieneral fruit raisin^' sec-
tion, and Forsyth and adjoining-
counties, as shown an page '■il.
abound with excellent tobacco lamls
of which none are superior to this
ridge. What we have said on page
8*i regarding the raising of fine stock,
nutritious grasses and abundance of
the best water in the world, is ap})li-
cable in ever sense to this section.
Springs come forth from nearly ev-
ery hillside, and wells of the purest
water can be tapped at a few feet be-
low the surface.

Th"6 place is in need of a bank to
accommodate the monied int+*rest
of our merchants and manufactureis,
and some enterprising man would do
well to invest a few thousantl dollars
in that direction.

Mr. J. AV. Beard, one of the largest
real estate and business dealers here,
offers handsome sites for manufac-
turing, adjacent to the railroad, free
to any one who will erect substantial
factories. He will also give free resi-
dence lots to any person who will
build a good dwelling house. Mr.
Benrd owns a quai'7'y of superb gran-
ite, only a quarter of a mile from the
depot, which he will sell or lease on

easy terms to parties desiring to de-
velop the same.

BUSINESS INTERESTS.

What has been said of the tobacco
interests on page 31 has a direct
bearing upon the sui-roundings of
of this j)lace, as some of the best to-
bacco lands in the country are found
in tliis vicinity. Kernersville nlso has
two warehouses and five mainifacto-
ries, which will be mentioned in de-
tail.

The outcrop of granite in this vicin-
ity is superb, and the sample monu-
ment, near our depot, with many
tons thnt have been shipped, are the
best of testimony ns to its superior
(juidity and capacity for s])l<"ndid
finisli. I'nlimited quarri(»s aie found
here in close proximity to the depot,
and present a fine field for develop-
ment.

\N'hat we have said on ])ag(^ 70 re-
garding dried fruits and their flavor
is ])articularly api)licable to this sec-
tion, as the surrounding hills and
dales are perfectly adajjted to abun-
dant fruit cro])s of the finest flavor;
hence this ])lace would make a favor-
able site for a canning factory, and
th(> citizens offer libei-al inducements
towards the (>stablishnient af any en-
terprise of that kind.

Numerous liberal offers are given to
actual settlers for resi<lence or busi-
ness sites, and persons will be wel-
coukmI from any s(Htion of the coun-
try.

BEAKI) c^ lUJBEKTS,
Tohnceo Manfr^s and General Store.

\Miile we cannot go into lengthy
detail in private matters, yet to give
some idea of the business of the vil-
lage, it is only i)roper that several of
the leading firms here should be fair-
ly re])resented and among the most
])i-ominent. both in meicantile and
manufactui-ing transactions here, the
above firm deserves to be classed.

,]. AV. Beard is a native of Davidson
county, .serving for several years as
a salesman for a New York clothing

90

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

house. He cominenced business here
with liis brother in charge, in 1866, a
half dozen years later investing large-
ly in the real estate of the place,
building his elegant brick residence
in 1873 and a year later accepting J.
C. Roberts as a partner in trade. The
Arm erected their large two-storv
brick store in 1879. This is 26x112
feet and filled with a very complet-'
assortment in all lines of general
merchandise, comprising dry-goods,
clothing, boots and shoes, hats, gro-
ceries and grocer's drugs, hardware,
notions, house furnishing and every-
thing properly coming under this
general heading. Tlie firm deal la rge-
ly in country produce, dried fruits
and berries for shipments. Their to-
bacco business was begun in 1880,
and the factory was erected in 1884,
and adds largely to the business as-
pect of the village in the vicinity of
the depot. It is of brick, 52x136
feet and having five floors, its capac-
ity would be nearly half a million
pounds. The annual output has been
from 100,000 to 150,000, requiring
the services of 50 to 75 hands in its
production. The trade as with other
dealers is largely in the South and
"Beard's Favorite" is widely known
among dealers. "Sweet Relief,"
"Piedmont Beauty," Old Gold," and
several other popular brands are on
their old list and with the present
year they have started a new brand
called "Red Devon," which is
designed as a superior chew.
Messrs. Beard & Roberts are both
men of pu!^ and enterprise, of liberal
business dealings, largely interested
in real estate and ever I'eady to do a
fair share towards any enterprise for
the promotion of the place.

W. H. LEAK & CO.,
Plug and Twist Tobacco.
W. H. & J. N. Leak are natives of
Guilford county, the former having
b' en engaged in the manufacture of
tobacco in Stokes county for several
years prior to opening the first facto-

ry here, in 1873. Tlie enterprise was
run by W. H. Leak until 1880, when
B. A. Brown and N. W. Sapp were
accepted as partners under firm style
of W. H, Leak & Co. J. N. Leak was
an assistant in the early part of the
business here but subsequently was
in merchandising at Lexington for 5
years and returning here in 1882 he
purchased N. W. Sapp's interest in
the factory. Two years later the
Leak Brothers bought out Mr.
Brown's interest continuing the old
firm style of W. H. Leak & Co. Em-
ployment is given to 50 or 60 hands
and the annual output is about 100,-
000 pounds of fine grade tobacco
which is sold to wholesale jobbers.
W. H. Leak has charge of the leaf
purchases and his long experience
has made him an expert in that line.
J. N. looks after office matters and
all departments of the trade are un-
der careful supervision. A leading
specialty in brands is "Leak's Best,"
12 inch 3's and "Cock of the Walk,"
(Broad Guage) 10 in. 4's.

BROAVN, SAPP & CO.,

Tobacco Manufacturers.

As mentioned under a former no-
tice B. A. Brown and N. W. Sapp
were formerly in the tobacco manu-
facture in f^ompany with W. H. Leak.
Having retirecl from that firm they
in 1884 in company with J. Van
Lindley,of the Pomona Hill nurseries,
near Greensboro, built the large brick
factory near the depot and opened
up manufacture in that line. The
structure is 40x90 three stories in
height and with rear addition of 40x
16 feet. The firni work 50 or 60 hands
turning out about 100,000 pounds
annually. Among their standard
brands are, Good News. Jenny
Lind, Tube Rose. Knights of Labor
and others. Institutions ofthis kind
are important factors in the pros-
perity of the place.

Do not destroy this book, as you
will want to refer to it again.

OFKKKNKIISVlLT.i:.

91

.1. AJ. GliElLNFlELl).
Plug and Twist Tobacco.

J. M. Greenfield, a native of Lex-
ing-ton, X. ('., joined T. E. Kerner.
(who died a yeai- sinee) seven years
ago in the mannfaotnre of tohncco.
and a couple of years sinct^ the firm
erected the three-story biick, 40xS().
which is a handsome addition to tlic
many brick structures on West Mm in
street. The dirt excavated for the
basement was made into brick and
used for the supersti-ucture, and that
plan set the ball to rolling for con-
tinued development of a sinular na-
ture. Mr. (Ireen field's trade is prin-
cipally in the Carolinas and (ii-orgia,
and some of his leading brands are
"Success," "Keform," "New Era."
"Free Trade," and many others. He
is an enterprising Imsiness man. works
a goodly nund)er of hands, and the
aggregate of his disbin-sements for
tol)acco leaf and wages amounts to
many thousands annually.

' LOW HEY c\: STAFFOllD.
Tobacco Manufactuifis.

Born in this village, W. A. Lowi-ey
was reared in agricultur.-d ])ursuitsin
the country, but a few years since, to
give his children the advantages of
education which this place affords, he
nu:)ved to town and engaged in man-
ufacturing with E. J. Stafford, his
son-in-law. Mr. Stafford is also a na-
tive of the place, was book-keeper at
Tatum, S. ('., for ten years, and re-
turned to this place January. 18S«}.
The j)artners both give strict person-
al attention to the details of manu-
facture, and produce desirablegoods.
The members of the firm have l)oth
bought real estate in the village and
at no distant day expect to ei-ect a
brick factory.

Mercantile Interests.

Alany years ago the dried fruit
shipping interest of this se<-tion was
a pron\inent feature, ami it still con-
tinues to be a factoi- in trade, but as
express lines have brought us so near

the great iiuirkets. many bushi'ls of
peaches, bei'i'ies, cherries and the like
are now sent fresh to the citi<'s, thus,
to some extent, making dried fruits
of secondary importance. Thei-e are
always large (juantities of products
that get too T'i])e before plucking, are
slightly damaged, or otherwise infe-
rioi- for shipment, thus illustrating
that a canning factory is an institu-
tion gr(\itly to be desired hei-e, and
if some one who imderstands the bus-
iness will engage in the enter])rise,
they will l)e libei-ally seconded by the
citizens of this j)lace. Almost any
product, exc(>pting tropical fruits,
will thrive on these hills, or in the
fei-tile A-alleys. Fruit evapoiators
have been run here for several years
l)ast with good success, having been
introduc(>d in 1.sn;{ by iMr. Hatch, of
New Yoj-k. and two years later nine
evaporators Avere in use in the vil-
lage.

L. F. DAVIS & SON,
Genernl 3/en -hn n clise.

L. F. Davis was raised in agricul-
tural pursuits, and ten years since
commenced merchandising at De(>p
River, in (Juilford county. Three
yeai-s ago he moved to this place,
bought real estate, built his present
store building, and in company with
his son. E. (Jrant, conducts a general
merchandi.se .store, keeping the usual
retpiisites of stores in that line. The
firm is located near the depot, and in
three years of trade havt^ secured a
fail" share of the business. Mr. Davis
owns several lots in the village on
which he will give bargains to actual
settlers, and a nul(> south of town he
has a 7<)-acre farm, which he offers
on easy terms, as he does m)t care to
again engage in farming.
N. W. SAPP,
Geiifv:) 1 Mmlui ndito'.

Guilford county line comes within
one mile and a half of this village,
and N. W. Sapp was born three nules
fiom here in that county. He was
clerking in the place for Mr. Hester

92

DESCRIPTIVE'SKETCH

prior to the war, and after the close
of hostihtios continued with his old
employer for a time, bnt in 1869
opened up trade for himself, and has
since been at the oldest grocery cor-
ner of the place. Mr. Sapp keeps a
well assorted stock of g-eneral mer-
chandise, and his many years in
trade has given him a wide acquain-
tance. Seven years ago he engaged
in manufacturing with W. H. Leak,
later becoming one of the firm of
Brown, Sapp & Co., mentioned else-
where. Mr. Sapp is one of the coun-
ty commissioners, having been re-
elected in June.

B. A. BROWN & CO.,
General Merchn ndise.
B. A. Brown is a native of Guilford
county, and in 1880 engaged in to-
bacco manufacturing here, later be-
coming the senior partner of Brown,
Sapp & Co., tobacconists. D.A. Bo-
denhamer is from Davidson county,
and for several years was in the liv-
ery business here. About Christmas
last the firm opened up a large stock
of general merchandise, keep a full
stock of dry goods, groceries, cloth-
ing, hats, shoes, and the usual re-
quirements of familj' supplies . Their
quick appreciation of the public
wants and readiness to suppl3' them
has brought them a large share of
trade.

J. S. KING,
Grocery mid Provision Store.
J. S. King, like many other busi-
ness men of this place, was born in
Guilford county, and began clerking
for his brother at his present corner
fourteen years ago. In 1879 John
L. King built tiie handsome brick
corner where the business is now con-
ducted, and three years later the
present proprietor purchased the
stock which he has since replenished
from time to time with all the re-
■quirements of a gHuei-al grocery and
provision stow. Mi-. King also keeps
a stock of boots and shoes.

KERNER&CO.,
At the Main street "Y," adjoining
the old Kerner House, a stock of gro-
ceries, confections and fruits was
opened out in May by 3 young men of
the village name. 0. W. Kerner is
the industrious bookkeeper at Vaughn
& Pepper's wholesale and retail
house, Winston ; J. F. is operator at %
this station, and the management of
the stock is in charge of J. G., the jun-
ior partner.

APPLE & HUNT,
Milliners and Mantua Makers.
The milliner's trade and making of
ladies' wearing apparel are necessary
adjuncts to our social features, and
Miss Mary Apple, of Reidsville, has
been for several years in the trade.
Mrs. C. W. Hunt, of this village, was
fomerly in the trade, and the twain
last year opened up a good stock of
millinery, keeping also notions, fancy
goods and a few dress patterns.
J. W. CREWS,
Flour, Feed and Guano.
Artificial fertilizers have become an
important feature in the agricultural
productions of all sections of the
countr^' . and the farmers here on the
lighter grade of upland soil fully ap-
preciate its value. Mr. Crews sells
the Navassa guano.

R. A. DUGGINS,
Barber Shop.
Here is another business unclassi-
fied, but essential to comfort, and
supplied in this place by R. A. Dug-
gins, a native of the village, who has
been thirteen years in the business,
and la^^t year built a convenient shop
near the depot.

R. A. JORDAN,
Livery Stable.
This business comes neither under
merchadise or manufacturing, but is
yet important to any progressive vil-
lage. R. A. Jordan is a native of the
place, and owns quite a large num-
ber of lots in the village, which can be

OF KERNERSVILLE.

93

bon^ilit for improvement ;it low fig-
uren. He has been fornineyearspast
in the livery Inisines.s, and keeps all
kinds of stock and turnonts necessa-
ry for the acconiniodation of the
people who desire livery hire.

MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTIRIXG.

^ The pei-nianency of any place is
greatly enhanced l>y miscellaneous
mannfactnring. Even though the}'
be but small, and employing hut few
hands, they open a field for develop-
ment and give values to raw materi-
als. There are a number (^f fields in
which miscellaneous nianutacturing
appears to hold out inducements
here. Living is cheap and laborers
plenty, and this village, as all other
enterprising towns in the south, will
give capitalists a heai-ty welcom<\
HlFFcV- STFAKT.
Cn rriHge 3/;/ u uin ctu ring.
F. K. Hutt'is a native of this coun-
ty, and has had over a dozen of years
expei'ience as a carriage upholster,
trimmer and painter. He was for
five years a partner with Mr. I^ewis,
as Lewis Si Huff, and a year since, in
company with J. R. Stuart of Forsyth,
county he opened up trade south of
the depot. The firm erected a neat
two story building, equipped with' el-
evator and modern requisites, where
they are i)n^|)ared to turn out all
kinds of ( iistom work in the most ap-
proved mannei-. Mr. Stuart has had
nine years experience as a blacksmith
and superintends that department
which is conducted in a detached
l>uilding neai- the factory. Many of
his well-wrought hamiuers and other
tools are of his own manufacture
evincing genius at the forge. The
new firm are j)r(^pared to do good
work and will si)are no effort to meet
the re(]uirements of trade.
A. LKWIS.
Cfi rriage Ma n v 1h c t iirei:
Mr. A. Lewis is a native of Davie
county this State and commenced the
carriage business in IS.")! opening up
a shop in this village where he has

now been industriously engaged in
turning out vehicles for 31 years.
Several hundreds have went foi-th
from his establishment and his bug-
gies and carriages can be found
in many baruH of this an<l ad-
joining counties. He has disbursed
for wages and mateiial a large
amount of monev in this place.

Wagon M.iking.—W. H. Haiiell. a
native of (Juilford county, with thii-
ty years experience has been for four
years pa.st in the wagon trade here.

Bhicksuiitliing is clo.sely allied to
wag<ni making, and this village has
two smiths.

The Siiw-Mill is the i)roperty of H.
C. Edwards, has steam tixtui-cs and
does good work.

Hurness, Sufldlfs, Etc., have be-
come in this town identified with the
nam»' of Haley Davis, who is a native
of the comity, commenced the busi-
ness in 1S4"), and a yt'ar later moved
to this ])lace, whcTT he has since in-
dustriously followed his (K-iupation.

.1 T./zj/ic/M' has been run by Nathan-
iel M. Kerner for many yeai-s. and is
still in successful operation.

Shoe Making and repairing is con-
ducted by L. B. Hester, a native of
tliis vitinity, who has btHMi in the
trade for eight years past.

In order to compare our climate
with that of the North, we append the
following weather record. taken from a
jiHU-nal i)ublished in northwestern
Dennsvlvania : No. of rainv davs.
193: snowy days. SI; fairdays, l{)l.
January Sth was the coldest day of
the year, mercury falling 24 degrees
below zero, .kily 7th was the warm-
est <l;\y of th(> year.mei-cury rising to
l()-5 (U'gn'es above. {Extremes of cold
and heat. 127 degrees. January had
the greatest innnber of days in which
snow fell, there being 23. October
had 14 rainy days, while July and
August wer* equal in the nund)er of
fair days, each having 24; rain fell
on 7 days each of the last named
months, but rather light.

OAK RIDGE INSTI-
TUTE.
In writing- np Win-
ston-Saleiu, a briff
outlook into the in-
dustries and institu-
tions of the surround-
ing country nuiy not
be uninteresting-. Tak-
ing the .Salisbury and
Danville road from
Kernersville toward
the north-east, s i x
miles drive through
one of the finest wheat
and fruit growing sec-
tion of Pieduiont, Is.
C. brings us in view of
one of the finest High
Schools of the South,
Oak Ridge Institut<\
We say one of the fin-
est, and we mean what
we say, for it may
jusrly be so termed,
by its reputation for
honest, conscientious
thorough work, by its
first-class 1( u i 1 d i n g s
and equipments, by
its large roll, compris-
ing for the pa^st year
219 names, represent-
ing six states and two
territories, and by
the prominent posi-
tions its students arc
taking and holding
in the actual every

day business affairs of

the Country— This school lias beeu ()^\n('<l and (i])ei,ited In Plots .1 V. and
M. H. Holt as principals for over ten years and assisted by an etticieni: and
expei'ienced corps of teachers. These young men are native North Caroli-
nians, and have learned ii)y years of practical experience what the needs of
the South are, and they have accordingly arranged, not only a practical ;ind
complete Literary course of study, fitting its posse-*sors for college or for lift',
but a Business College course as well, equal to the best North or Soutli, whose
graduates hold honored positions in various towns of the South. For beau-
ty and healthfulness of situation, Oak Ridge Institute cannot be surpassed.
Her beautiful groves of native oa,k, her elegant Christian culture, and to
crown all, her cherished Institution lifting its classic proportions grandly
above the Oaks about it, altogether lea^-(^ upon tlae memory a, grand picture.
To be apprejiated Oak Ridge and Oak Ri>lge lu-titu'je must be seen and pa-
tronized. Herewith we present you with a fv,t of the Institue. Those Vvisii-
ing information about the Institute or surrounning country should

Address, Profs. J. A. and M. H. Holt, Oak Ridge, N. C.

OF WlXSTON-SAl.lvM.

'.).",

SENTINEL Jol', OFFICE.
Fitt(-(l in First-Chiss OrtFi:

Tilt' Sentinel job office Iims ;il\v;iys
been the lar^ivst in tlie Twin City. and
recently it has been ])nt in ^ood
sliape. Modern and beantit'nl faces of
job type, the b\r.<i(>st ])a]>er cntter in
tlie city, and otln-r in)])roveinent.s
ha\'e been added, and skilled work-
men, with years of experience in job
work, have acce])ted positions witli
ns. AVe are now turninii' out as hand-
some printinfi' as is done in theState.
and onr prices are as low as is con-
sistent witi! fir.st-class work. School
and catalogue ])rintin<i' and ofhce
stationery are onr s]»ocialties. Send
in a trial oi-der. We ,i;nai-anteesiitis-
faction.

•lOH PKINTINC OFFICE.
At (h-hindo Flovidn. '

1 have a new job ottiiie for sale at a
fj-reat sacrifice, for cash or on easv
terms. The office cost about |;2,()()(j.
has a first-class cutter, two ele<j;ant
jobbers, 500 pounds of l)ody ty]>e.
thirty to thirty-five fonts of job type,
metal furniture, and every thin<;- ])rac-
tical. Orlando is thepioiiiessivecily
of South Florida, and Oranjic, the
banner county of the State. (Jood
reasons jiiven for sellinji;.

Address. 1). P. Rohbins.
Erie, Fa., or Orlando. Fia.

FLORIDA LANDS.

Town Lots or (ivove Tvncts.

Havinjj; .secinvd thiough advertis-
in<;', and varit)us tradinji', town lots
and tracts for jirove i)ni'po.ses in a
half dozen different counties of Floi--
ida, 1 have bar<iains to offer to any
one wishing- prc^pt-rty in th(> oran<j,('
State. I have spent two y(>ars in the
State, and have selected my pur-
chases in the mo.st desirable portion
of the peninsula, viz., Orange, Lake,
Sumter, Pasco, Hernando and Polk
counties. 1 have town lots worth
from .'^1.') to ."ik^OO each, orange lands
|10 to 5!) per acre.

To those desiring iiifoniiat ion
aliont Florida or the ])i'('S('i-vation of
health, my j)ublishe(l book on Health,
lla])i)iness, Hygiene, and Florida, is
worth many times its cost. Well
Ixjund, <S()() octavo ])ages. sentiiost^-
paid for ^'l.TA).

Address, D. 1*. KoamNs, M. D..
Erie, Pk.nn a.

OFR REOARDS.

\';ih'(lict(>ry.

The writer of this special edition
cannot dose without exlending to
th;' business men and citizens of this
section in general his sincere thaids's
for their very cordial reception of this
enterprise, and the genei-ous assis-
tance which they have rendered in
the work. Ouj- duties have been ar-
duous, but Were made very much
lighter by the kind reception with
which we have beiMi met by Forsyth
count\' hospitality, and while our
work is nece.ssarily imperfect in many
l)articulars. we ho])e it will not be
unworthy of the wide distribution
which its friends have already guar-
anteed, and that it will redound to
the future good of this section. We
have made very many pleasant ac-
(luaintances, and wherever our lot
may be ca.st in the future, we shall
always have a kind remembi-ance of
the unselfish interest displayed to-
ward tlie Descriptive Skt>tch of ^^'ins-
ton-Sale!n. which is a sufficient guar-
antee that any legitinmte enterprise
will ha vet he generous (Micouragement
of the good ])i'ople of this city. Suc-
cess to the tobacco city of North Car-
olina with all her enter j)ri.ses. and
may her natural wealth, beautiful
sun-oundings and generosity be fidly
ap]ireciat('tl !

Every year the South is becoming
more pojnilar as a place for health,
comfort, and business.

Till' older this book becomes, the
more valuable it will be for reference.

96

DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH

[ Winston matter received too late
for class! fica tion . ]

Contractors and Mechanics.

J. C. MILLER,
Carpenter and Builder.

Was born on the west side of Wins-
ton, assisted in grubbing the court-
house square, and has lived in the
city since it was made tlie county
seat. Mr. Miller has helped to build
a large majority of the business
blocks, factories and residences of the
new city, having been foreman of
outside woi'k for Miller Bros. 15
years, and for two years past in con-
tract work for himself. He has a
planer and wood-working shop on
North Liberty street.

W. F. KEITH
Is a native of Raleigh, and has been
a plasterer for 16 years. He came to
this place in 1875, and has done his
fuH share of service in both plain and
ornamental designs, and has given
full satisfaction as a mechanic.

A. J. GALE
Is a native of Bristol, England, and
has been in this city for a dozen
I years. He is a contractor and brick
mason , and was one of the promi-
nent workers on the M. E. Church
graded school building and a score
of other business blocks.

North Carolina has an area of ter-
ritory about as large as England,
and within her borders are resources
such as the latter country never knew.
Her rivers and streams abound with
fish of almost eve}' known description
and unequaled for food. Her forests
contain all sorts of game, besides
timber in almost inexhaustible abun-
dance, of the most valuable sorts,
and in the bowels of her earth are
mines of untold wealth, such as the
world has never dreamed- of, and
which science will bring; to the surface

and pour into the waiting and willing
lap of commerce.

From the great difficulty in secur-
ing the concluding facts in any de-
partment under consideration we
have failed to make the arrangement
as systematic a-i would have been de-
sirable, but by consulting the table
of contents on inside cover page nwy
article may readily be found.

"WEBSTER'S

UNABRIDGED.

STANDARD AHD BEST.

3000 more Words and nearly SOOO more Illus-
trations than any oiiier American Dictiouary.

Among the supplementary features, original with

Webster's Unabridged and unequaled for

concise and trustworthy information, are

A Biographical Dictionary

Containing nearly 10,000 names of Noteworthy
Persons, with their nationality, station, profes-
sion or occupation, date of birth and death,
(if deceased), etc.,

A Gazetteer of the World

Of over 25,000 Titles, locating and briefly describ-
ing the Countries, Cities, Towns, and Natural

Featurejof every part of the Globe, and

The Explanatory and Pronouncing Vocabulary

of the names of

l(^

Noted Fictitious Persons

and Places, such as are often referred to ia

literature and conversation. The latter is not

found in any other Dictionary.

WEBSTER IS THE STANDARD

Authority in the Gov't Printing Office, and with
the U. S. Supreme Court. It is recommended
by the State Sup'ts Of Schools of 36 States, and
by leading College Pres'ls of U. S. and Canada.

It is the only Dietrionary that has been selected
in making State Purchases for Schools, and
nearly all the Swliool Books are based upon it.

An invaluable companion in every School and
at every Fireside. Specimen pages and testi-
monials sent prepaid on application.
Published by G. & C. MERRIAM & CO.,

Springfield, Mass., U. S. A.

-:- CHAMBER OF COMMERCE -:-

— OF —

Winston-Salem, N. C.

THIS organization was founded in 1885, its objects being to advance the mercantile and manu-
facturing interests of Winston and Salem, to promote internal improvements, encourage im-
migration, collect and distribute information to the interests of our cities, and co discuss and regu-
late commercial usages, adjust diflerences and disputes in trade.

In order to diffuse general information regarding tliis place and the surrounding country, its
fea'tures and advantages, this pamphlet has beeu compiled under auspices of a committee from our
body and its general information has been careluUy supervised to prevent exaggerations or mis-
statements.

The compiler has been very conservative in his statements, and the general advantages have
not been overdrawn.

Persons desiring special information about this section of country, with the view of locating
here, will be cheerfully responded to bv addressing the Chamber op Commerce, Winston, N. C.

The following list of names of the officers and committees comprise many of the most influen-
tial business men of the Twin-City :

OFFICERS:

J. C. BUXTON, Pres. J. W. FR[E=;, First Vice-Pres. W. A. WHITAKER, Second Vice-Pres.
J. D. PAYLOR, Secretary and Treasurer.

DIRECTORS:

R. D. BROWN, H. E. FRIES, R. J. REYNOLDS, C. A. FOGLE, JNO. W. HANES,
C. A. HEGE, JAS. A. GRAY.

ARBITRATION COMMITTEE:

C. HAMLEN, T.J.BROWN, C. H. FOGLE, P. H. HANES.

COMMITTEES
of the Chamber of Commere to serve from Oct. 1st, 1S87 to Oct. 1st, 1S8S.

On Information, Statistics, Telegraphing and Letters,
W. A. WHITAKER, J. W. FRIES, TAYLOR BYNUM, A. B. GORRELL,

C. A. HEGE.

On Trade and Transportation.
J. W. HANES, J. E. GILMER, J. M. ROGERS, F. H. FRIES.

On Internal Improvements and Immigration.
G. W. HINSHAW, C. B. WATSON, H. E. FRIES, S. E. ALLEN, R. D. BROWN.

On Finance.
J.M.ROGERS, C. A. FOGLE, W. B. CARTER, Jr,

On Membership.
P. H. HANES, H. E. FRIES, R. J. REYNOLDS.

On Rooms.
W. A. WHITAKER, C. A HEGE, R.J.REYNOLDS.

On Constitution.
J. W. FRIES, W. A. WHITAKER, G. W. HINSHAW.

\

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHII

W. A. WHITAKER, Proprietor

Among some of the popular brands of this well
known manufactory are : "Lucile", "Gold-
en SHpper", "Olive Branch'', Twin-
City, Marsh Mallow, White Wings,

Billie Taylor, Dick Graves, Carrie Lee,

Eldorado, Empress, Coronet, Long Tom,

Peach and Honey, Royal Gold Bars,

Sprig of Acacia, Twin-City Club,

Sheila, Jefterson's Choice, Zip.

TWISW W®BAOO®i

;'#

Black Fat, Buzzard Wing, Falcon, Otto of
Hoses, White Wings.

SiyiOKlNG BRAND-WHITE WINGS.

These Tobaccos are made of the choicest
leaf grown in the Piedmont belt which is une-
qualled in the world for its fine texture, deli-
cacy of flavor and fine chewing quality, manu-
factured with great care and sold at bottom pri-
ces. If you want the best selling line of goods
on the market write for samples and prices.